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英文句型
一、描述事物的关键句型
1. It is … to 动词原形 “做某事的是??(的)”
[It]+[be 动词+形容词]+[to 动词原形]=[其他]
It是形式主语,后面的动词不定式是该句型真正的主语。
It is good for you to read English in the morning.晨读对你有益处。 2. It is …that/if /whether/wh-从句, 某事是??(的)
[It]+[be 动词+形容词]+[if 从句]
在此句型中it是形式主语,用来指代后面从句的内容。
It is not surprising why an alcoholic died of liver cancer.一个嗜酒者死于肝癌并不令人惊讶。 3. It is kind of sb to 动词原形;It is hard for sb to 动词原形,某人做某事是??(的) 如果这种句型中的形容词是用来形容人的品质,就要在形容词后面加上介词“of”;如果形容词是用来形容事物,则加上介词“for”。
It is kind of you to help my little brother with his homework.你真好,帮助我弟弟做家庭作业。 It is impossible for you to finish the work in the three days. 你想三天就把这项工作做完是不可能的。
4. It seems/appears…that从句, 某事看起来似乎??
It appears to me that we need to call the police.我认为我们应该报警。
It appears as if it’s going to rain. / It looks like it’s going to rain.似乎要下雨了。 5. It is a pity (that)从句,某事真是令人遗憾
本句型中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面由that引导的从句,其中that可以省略。 It is a pity that you can’t come to the party.你不能来参加聚会,真是遗憾。 6. It is natural/strange that 从句,会??是很自然的/奇怪的
此句型中it 是形式主语,用来表示后面从句的内容,中间应用that连接。此外,从句中的动词也可用should+动词原形表示。
It is strange that such a figure like him should live such a modest life. 说来真怪,像他这样的人居然可以生活得如此简朴。 7. It is … that 从句,是??才??。
此句型为典型的强调句型,that所引导的从句对前面的主语起到了解释说明的作用,同时也是对主语的强调,所以从句和主语有了相应的因果关系。
It was because of team work that we were able to win the championship. 因为团队的合作我们才能赢得胜利。
8. It was not until… that从句,“直到??才??。”
此句型it was not until+某一时间点+that 从句,意为“直到??才??。” It was not until he got sick that he realized the value of health. 直到他生病了,才体会到健康的重要性。
9. …in order to 动词原形…/so as to…“为了??。”
此句型意为“为了??目的”,“想做??就得”。
He is working part time in order to pay his way through college.为了完成学业,他半工半读。 10. …too+ adj./adv. to v.“太??而不能”
The situation is too difficult to explain.情况变得太复杂,我无法解释。 11. 主语+be used to+动词原形??“??被用来??。”
Aharmer is used to drive nails into the wall.锤子是用来将钉子打进墙里的。 12. 主语+be said to 动词原形“??据说是??”
此句型解释为“据说是??”,be thought to…意为“被认为??”;be reported to…意为“据报导??”;be estimated to…意为“据估计”
Mr. Smith is said to be over 105.史密斯先生据说已经超过一百零五岁了。
二、比较两者的关键句型
13. 主语+动词??as 形容词/副词as…“??和??一样”
Understanding the philosophy is just as important as the action.了解原则和行动是一样重要的。 14. 主语1+not 动词??as 形容词/副词as+主语2 “A不象B那样??” Iam not as interested in English as Tom. 我不像汤姆那样对英语感兴趣。 15. 主语+动词…as…as ever 像往常一样 She was as beautiful as ever after so many years. 过了那么多年,她美丽如故。
16. 主语+动词times as 形容词/副词as… “A是B的??倍” He earns twice as much as I do.他赚的钱是我的两倍。
The new route is four times as wide as the old one.新路是老路的四倍宽。 17. The more…the… “越??就越??”
The more haste, the less speed.欲速则不达。 The sooner, the better.越快越好/事不宜迟
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越谨慎,就越不容易犯错。 18. 主语+动词+ more and more(形容词??) “??越来越??” 表示“变得”的动词有:become, get, go等,多数情况下可互换。
It gets more and more difficult to understand what the math is talking about. 越来越难理解数学在讲什么了。
Oil price are going higher and higher.油价越来越贵。
19. 主语+ be 动词+ the +最高级+of all “是??之中最??”
通常情况下省略最高级后的名词。
The river is the most shortest among them.这条河流是它们之中最短的。 Safety is the most important of all.安全是最重要的。 20. 主语+be 动词+ most+形容词?? “非常??”
Most 除了表示最高级外,也可用作副词来修饰后面的形容词,相当于very,表示“最、非常??”的意思,前面不加the ,而用a来替代。 还有其他用法,如
Make the most of (充分利用) Most every evening(几乎每晚) Most of all(特别是)
That really was a most illuminating lecture! 这是一个非常有启发的演讲。 It was a most beautiful sunset. / It was a very beautiful sunset.非常美的落日。 21. 主语+be 动词+ the last(名词) to 动词原形/that从句 “最不可能??” The last 在此句型中表示“最不可能??” Last 还有一些惯用法,如 the last straw(造成全面崩溃的临界点);the last minute(最后一刻);the last word(定论)。
Washing the dog is the last thing that I want to do.给小狗洗澡是我最不想做的事。 He would be the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能说谎的人。 22. The former / the latter “前者??后者??”
Ieat lots of fish and chicken, but I prefer the latter.我常吃鱼跟鸡肉,但是我比较喜欢鸡肉。 Out of the two suggestions, I prefer the latter.在这两项建议里,我偏向后者。 23. … one thing,…another ??是一回事??又是一回事”
用来强调两件事的不同,通常用于强调后者。
One man’s meat is another man’s poison.人有不同的爱好。
To know is one thing; to teach is quite another.知道是一回事,教又是另一回事。
To be confident is one thing; to win is another.有信心是一回事,但是赢得比赛又是一回事。 24. Some… and some / Some… and others… “一些??而另一些??”
该句型只是分辨两者的不同,没有比较两者优劣的含义。
Some stories are interesting and others are corny.有些故事很有趣,有些故事很无聊。
三、一句话用两个动作的关键句型
25. It occurs to sb to 动词原形/that 从句 “某人突然想到某事” Occur to 表示“想到??”的意思。It 是形式主语,that从句是句子真正的主语。 表示“突然想到”还有其他的表达,如
Ihave an idea. And idea occurred to me. 我有点子了。
It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to answer the question. 我突然想到该如何回答这个问题。
26. It takes 人+时间??+ to 动词原形 “完成某事需要??时间”
在此句型中,it 作形式主语,通常用来表示to 后面所接的动词或动词短语,表示做某事会花费某人多长时间。 Spend也有花费的意思,可用来指花费金钱与时间,必须用人作主语,后面用动名词。句型:人+spend + money or time +动名词/ on 名词。
It will take about eleven hours to fly from Taipei to Los Angeles.
从台北飞到洛杉矶大约需要十一个小时。
How long do you spend on your homework? 你花多少时间在你的家庭作业上? 27. It takes/requires… to 动词原形?? “从事某事需要??(条件)” 此句型中,takes/requires可接某人或条件(时间、金钱等)
It takes a lot of time to persuade my father.我花了很长的时间才说服了我的父亲。 28. It cost(s) sb +金钱+ to 动词原形 “化??金钱做某事”
Cost表示花费多少钱(代价),本句型要以It形式主语开头,表示某东西或事物花费某人多少钱。
另外,cost有一个特殊用法:
Cost an arm and a leg用来比喻东西很贵。
It cost me RMB700 to buy the ticket.我买这张票花了七百元。
29. ..see/watch/hear/feel…现在分词 “听到/看到/感觉到??”
强调的是该动作正在进行。
We heard the birds chirping.我们听到了鸟儿们在唧唧叫。
John saw his little brother climbing out of his crib.约翰看到他弟弟正从婴儿床爬出来。 30. …interested in 名词/动名词 “对??感兴趣”
Iam so excited about my holiday.要放假了,我超兴奋。
We were deeply disappointed at the result.我们对结果感到非常失望。 31. ??动词+现在分分词/过去分词?? “两个动作同时发生”
在英语中,如果一个句子要使用两个动词,必须要用连接词来连接,但如果两个动作同时发生,且没有连接词,那么第二个动作必须改为分词。 另外有些分词的意义接近于形容词。
To go naked 裸体的;to go unnoticed 没注意到的
We sat listening to the sound of the waves.我们坐着聆听海浪的声音。 32. …have +物+过去分词 “把??做完了”
此句型中的have是使役动词,意为“把??(完成)”。
Be sure to get the work done before three.务必在三点之前把工作做完。
Are you going to have your apartment painted?你打算要把你的公寓刷上油漆吗? 33. …get +sth 现在分词/过去公词 “使某事??”
He got his bag caught in the taxi door as it was closing.出租车的车门关上时,他的包被卡住了。 34. …go +动名词… “去??”
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