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四级简答题的解题步骤
第一步 通篇略读。
所谓通篇略读是指迅速扫视全文，舍弃无关细节，全力捕捉文章大意的阅读方法。
在略读时以下面几点为目标：
1）大致了解文章涉及内容，文章是关于哪一方面，什么内容。 2）发现文章的中心思想和作者的基本观点态度。
3）对文章结构脉络有基本印象，知道大致观点、例证及具体分析的位置。 略读的目标决定了略读只需将注意力放在文章的主题句、关键词这些部分，其余部分如：具体的论述、细节、数字等，则可以跳过不读。因此，略读速度是一般阅读速度的两倍. 第二步 照题查阅。
所谓照题查阅是指根据问题去寻找答案。通常照题查阅是在通篇略读之后，如果时间有限也可直接进行这一步。照题查阅时应注意以下几点：
1．充分理解问题，一定准确理解所问内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象。 2．根据通篇略读的印象，回到文章相应部分寻找答案。 3．在文章相关部分，应仔细阅读前后的句子。 4．对照问题，确定答案的基本内容。 第三步 简练作答。
在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确的英语表达出来。在归纳、组织答案时要注意以下几点：
1．答案要与提问的方式保持一致。
如用who提问就要以某种/个人来回答，而不能以陈述型句子来回答。否则，答非所问，会扣分或不得分。 2． 要避免语言错误。
组织答案时，尽量避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等。尽量使用自己有把握的词、短语和句型。 3． 要善于利用原文的关键词句。 在寻找和组织答案时，可以引用表达答案关键内容的原文，但切忌整句照搬，要适当改动，否则会被扣分。 4． 注意字数。
简答题要求用10个以内的词准确表述答案，词数超出，会被扣分。 5． 注意卷面。
答案书写要规范、认真，首字母要大写。标点符号的使用要规范。 第四步 仔细核对。
答案写完之后，时间允许的情况下，应仔细检查核对，避免失误。此时应检查这几方面：
1．再次审题，确认回答符合问题要求，避免答非所问。
2．清除语法、语言错误。语言错误有拼写错误、标点不当、大小写等。常见的语法错误有时态与原文不符、主谓不一致、词汇用法不当等。 3．保证字数没有超出要求。
特别提示：做简答题切不要画蛇添足。
Part IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
We commonly think of sportsmanship in connection with athletic contests, but it also applies to individual outdoor sports. Not everyone who picks up a fishing rod or goes out with a gun is a sportsman. The sportsman first of all obeys the fish and game laws, not because he is liable to be punished as a violator, but because he knows that in the main these laws are made for his best interests.
The following are some of the things that those who would qualify for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity (圈内人) will do.
1. Take no more game than the bag limit provided for by the fish and game laws. The person who comes back from a trip boasting about the large number of fish or game taken is not a sportsman but a game hog (贪得无厌的捕猎者).
2. Observe the unwritten rules of fair play. This means shooting game birds only when the birds are “on the wing”. For the same reason, do not use a shotgun to shoot a rabbit or similar animal while it is sitting or standing still.
3. Be careful in removing illegal or undersized fish from the hook. This should be done only after wetting the hands. This is necessary because the body of the fish is covered with a thin, protective film which will stick to your dry hands. If the hands are dry when the fish is handled, the film is torn from the body of the fish. Without the protective film, the fish is more easily attacked by diseases. If you wish to release a fish that is hooked in such a way that it will be impossible to be close to the hook as convenient. In a remarkably short time, the hook will break down and the fish will remain almost unharmed. Fish have been known to feed successfully while hooks were still in their lips.
4. Be sure of the identity of your target before you shoot. Many useful and harmless species of wildlife are thoughtlessly killed by the uninformed person who is out with a gun to kill whatever flies within range.
S1. In what respect does the author think individual outdoor sports are similar to
athletic contests? S2. A person who goes out fishing with a fishing rod or hunting with a gun is not
necessarily ________. S3. What’s the most important thing a true sportsman should bear in mind when he
goes fishing or hunting ________. S4. Those who violate the fish and game laws will not be ________ for membership
in the sportsmanship fraternity. S5. What are people called when they break the bag limit and boast about their big
catch? S6. A true sportsman will not shoot an animal which is not ________.
S7. What are people advised to do before they remove illegal or undersized fish from
the hook?
S8. What should sportsman do to avoid killing rare species of wildlife?
Keys
S1. Both of them are in common with sportsmanship S2. a sportsman S3. To obey the law. S4. qualified S5. A game hog. S6. moving
S7. To wet their hands
S8. They should know the identity of the target 练习二
Sport is one of the world’s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by economic ground or family connections—sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes play only for money than for love.
This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of olive leaves (橄榄叶花环). Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.
In 1896, the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起) with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholars or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race, after race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, “Nobody pays any attention to these rules.” Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything from ski equipment to fast food.
Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold
the Olympics not only for honor, but for money. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal symbols, TV rights, food, drink, hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately, the symbol of victory in the Olympic games is no longer a simple olive wreath—it is a gold medal.
S1. To many people, sports today is nothing but S1. S2. What do most athletes of today go after? S2. S3. What reward could an ancient Greek athlete expect? S3. S4. By the fourth century A.D., Olympic contests became increasingly more S4 thus ruining the Olympics. S5. When the Olympic games were revived in 1896, athletes who had received
special training in camps would be S5. S6. What did Spiridon Loues do after he accepted the Athenian’s gift? S6. S7. According to the author, some athletes are even willing to advertise for
businesses which sell things like S7. S8. The 1972 Munich games managed to make a big profit mainly by S8(1) services and selling S8(2). Part IV Short Answer Questions
S1. a fast route to wealth S2. money
S3. a wreath of olive leaves/olive wreath S4. professional S5. barred
S6. He gave up running forever./Giving up running forever. S7. Ski equipment and fast food
S8. (1) hotel (2) medal symbols, TV rights, souvenirs, food and drinks
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