2019年高考英语二轮专题复习第一部分语法题型突破篇专题一语法填空题型二自由填空高考命题5冠词介词代

内部文件，版权追溯 内部文件，版权追溯 冠词、介词、代词

A

(2017·课标全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __1__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and __2__ work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road，__3__ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over __4__ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines __5__ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been __6__ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using __7__ every day.

Later，engineers __8__ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the __9__ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most __10__ (success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.

答案：【语篇解读】'本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上第一条地铁——伦敦地铁的起源以及它逐步成为大众所喜爱的交通方式的发展历程。

1．crowds 解析：考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容词terrible修饰，故排除动名词形式；crowd作“人群”讲时，为可数名词，且前面无冠词限制，故需用复数形式，在词尾直接加-s即可。

2．from 解析：考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班”，travel to and from work为固定表达。

3．laying 解析：考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging和下文的and then building可知，此处用动名词作included的宾语。

4．the 解析：考查冠词。此处是说地铁开挖、铺轨完成后，要进行最后的筑顶。此处表示特指，因此应用定冠词the。

5．were used 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知主语Steam engines和use之间为被动关系，且由上文可知叙述的是过去发生的事，故需用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语是名词的复数形式，故be动词需用were。

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6．fairly 解析：考查副词。句意：伦敦地铁开通之初因使用蒸汽机而使乘客饱受烟尘和噪声污染之苦。修饰形容词unpleasant需用副词形式，故填fairly。

7．it 解析：考查代词。句意：伦敦地铁开通不久就广受欢迎，六个月之内，超过25 000人次乘地铁出行。此处指代上文中提到的the railway，需用代词it。

8．managed 解析：考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故答案为动词的过去式。manage to do sth.用于表示“成功地做了某事”。

9．introduction 解析：考查名词。句意：地铁的发展得益于电力机和电梯的应用。由空前的定冠词可知，此处需用名词形式，动词introduce去“e”加后缀-tion构成名词形式。

10．successful 解析：考查形容词。此处为“one of the＋形容词最高级”结构。

B

(2018·安徽合肥二次质检)Xuan paper, known as one of the Four Treasures of Study, first came into __1__(exist) in Xuan Prefecture in the Tang dynasty. The traditional skill of making the paper __2__ hand has been passed down through generations. The process takes as many as 100 steps, all of __3__ require a level of delicacy.

Take papermaking master Zhou Donghong for example. He uses a fine screen to filter(过滤) a mixture of water and fibers. He lifts it up, and it's a sheet of paper. It takes him and his partner only 15 seconds __4__(form) and shape it, but they've devoted __5__(they) to perfecting the skills for decades.

“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers, and timing is __6__(difficult) part of all. We have only one chance to filter the right amount of fibers, and only the proper weight guarantees the paper is neither too thin nor too thick, and the margin for error is __7__(extreme) small，” said Zhou. With just the right degree of thickness, top quality Xuan paper holds ink and water tightly.

The skill of papermaking, __8__(recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. We felt __9__ great sense of pride as it was listed as a world intangible culture heritage(非物质文化遗产) by UNESCO in 2009. Since then, in Jingxian County, Xuan papermaking __10__(teach) in schools.

答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国“文房四宝”之一的宣纸。 1．existence 解析：句意：宣纸，为“文房四宝”之一，最先出现于唐代宣州。come into existence为固定短语，意为“出现”。

2．by 解析：句意：这种纸的传统手工制造技术已被一代一代传下来。by hand为固定短语，意为“手工地”。

3．which 解析：句意：整个过程需多达100个步骤，所有的步骤都需要老练的水平。

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“all of '3' require a level of delicacy”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为steps，将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词作介词of的宾语，故填which。

4．to form 解析：句意：他和他的同伴只需花15秒钟就可以制作和塑造一张纸……It takes sb.＋一段时间＋to do sth.为固定句式，故填to form。

5．themselves 解析：设空处作宾语且与主语they为同指关系，故用they的反身代词themselves作宾语。

6．the most difficult 解析：句意：过滤纤维有很多窍门，其中时机的掌握技巧是最困难的。根据本句中的of all可推知设空处需用形容词最高级形式，故填the most difficult。

7．extremely 解析：句意：……其误差极其小。设空处作状语，故填副词形式extremely。

8．recognized 解析：句意：造纸术被认为是国家级瑰宝，也被证明是世界级瑰宝。主语The skill of papermaking与recognize为逻辑上的被动关系且设空处表示完成，故填过去分词形式recognized。

9．a 解析：句意：我们有强烈的自豪感，因为它在2009年被联合国教科文组织列为世界非物质文化遗产。a sense of为固定短语，意为“……感”。

10．has been taught 解析：句意：自从那时在泾县的学校一直开设宣纸制造的课程。根据时间状语Since then可推知设空处用现在完成时；主语Xuan papermaking与teach为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态。综上所述设空处填has been taught。

C

(2018·湖北八校二次联考)I won't call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to __1__(hold) chopsticks. In fact, I'm pretty sure that my technique looks clumsy at times. I tend to hold __2__(I) in the middle, more beginner than expert.

Still, since I eat almost every meal with the eating utensil(器皿) of choice in China, it's not uncommon for a new friend or acquaintance to come to a simple __3__(conclude) after observing me that my Chinese husband, Jun, must __4__(show) me how to use them.

They are wrong. I've used chopsticks ever since I was a teenager, a time when my sister and mother were both fond of Chinese cuisine and introduced me __5__ many new dishes, along with the __6__(prefer)utensils in China. We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our __7__(knife), forks and spoons, ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner. It was my closest family __8__observed my first mistakes I made in using chopsticks.

Plus, I lived over two years in China before Jun and I started dating and I was

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expected __9__(use) chopsticks in almost every restaurant, stand and bar. Trust me, when you're hungry you figure out pretty fast what it takes to down(咽下)__10__ meal with these utensils.

答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己如何学习使用筷子用餐的经历。 1．holding 解析：句意：在拿筷子方面我不能自称为最熟练的人。when it comes to...意为“就……而论”。其中的to为介词，后面可加名词或动名词，故设空处填holding。

2．mine 解析：句意：我用筷子往往捏着中间，与其说是专家不如说是新手。考查代词(名词性物主代词)的用法。根据上下文可知，这里是指“握住我的筷子”。

3．conclusion 解析：句意：……因此我的新朋友或者泛泛之交看到我这样做之后常常会草率地得出这样的结论，即我的丈夫Jun，作为中国人，一定教过我如何使用筷子。come to a conclusion为固定词组，意为“得出结论”。

4．have shown 解析：考查情态动词must表推测的用法。这里表示对过去行为的推测，故填have shown。

5．to 解析：句意：我自从十几岁起就已使用筷子，当时我姐姐和我妈妈都喜欢中国菜，她们让我初次尝试了许多新菜品和中国人更喜欢用的餐具。introduce sb.to sth.为固定短语，意为“使某人初次尝试某事/物”。

6．preferred 解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词utensils与prefer为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词preferred作定语。

7．knives 解析：根据句子主语we及与设空处并列的forks and spoons可推知设空处填名词复数knives。

8．who/that 解析：句意：是我最亲的家人看到了我使用筷子时最初所犯的错误。本题考查强调句型。被强调部分是人，故设空处填who或that。

9．to use 解析：句意：而且，在我和Jun开始约会前我已在中国生活了两年多，几乎在每一家餐馆、摊位和酒吧人们都要我使用筷子。expect sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，将该结构改为被动语态：sb. be expected to do sth.。由此可见设空处填to use。

10．a 解析：句意：相信我，当你饥肠辘辘时，你会很快弄明白吃一顿饭要用哪件餐具。设空处后的meal为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故填a。

D

(2018·湖南三湘名校教育联盟三次联考)The hutong is a kind of ancient typical city street in Beijing.__1__(surround) the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing __2__(dynasty). In order to establish the strongest power for emperors, the royal family planned the city and arranged the residential areas(住宅区). The Forbidden City—__3__ center of Beijing, was the royal palace.

At the end of the Qing dynasty, after __4__(close) China came under the influence

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