毕业答辩 基于PLC自动扶梯的变频系统设计

泰 山 学 院 本科毕业论文

基于PLC自动扶梯的变频系统设计

所 在 学 院 机械与工程学院

专 业 名 称 机械设计制造及其自动化 申请学士学位所属学科 工 学

年 级 二〇一一级（3+2）

学生姓名、学号 鞠吉杨 2011170293

指导教师姓名、职称 陈宏圣 副教授 完 成 日 期 二〇一三年五月

摘要

摘 要

自动扶梯是商场、车站、机场等公共场所用于输送乘客、货物的提升设备。在运行过程中，乘客的流量在不同时段有较大的差别，有时自动扶梯可能一个人也没有，由于乘客的到来有随机性，不可能在没有人乘坐时将扶梯停止运转。不能调速的扶梯只能以额定速度空转，这样浪费了大量的电能，并且皮带、链条磨损很大，维修周期短，影响了正常运行。而采用基于PLC自动扶梯的变频系统设计方案，可以减少链条、皮带的磨损，电动机转速降低后，输出功率减小但转矩不变，节能效果明显。

本文介绍了基于PLC和变频器的自动扶梯控制系统的组成，对电动机的选型，PLC的选型，变频器的选型和传感器的选型做了准确工作,设计了该系统的硬件接线线路，用编程软件编写、调试程序，保证了系统的正常运行。该系统具有调速性能好、节能效果显著、运行安全可靠等优点。 关键词：自动扶梯 ,变频器, PLC ,控制系统

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

The escalator is shopping malls, railway stations, airports and other public places for transporting passengers, cargo lifting equipment. In the process of operation, there are large differences in passenger flow in different time, sometimes the escalator may no one, because the randomness of passengers coming, not possible in the absence of people ride the escalator to stop running. Not only idle speed escalator to the rated speed, so that waste a lot of energy, and the belt, chain wear large, repair cycle short, affecting the normal operation of. The design scheme of the inverter system based on PLC escalator, can reduce wear chain, belt, motor speed is reduced, the output power decreases but the torque constant, the energy conservation effect is obvious.

This paper introduces the composition of the escalator control system based on PLC and frequency converter, the motor selection, PLC selection, selection and sensor transducer do work accurately, design the hardware connection circuit of the system, using the programming software programming, debugging procedures, to ensure the normal operation of the system. This system has the advantages of good speed performance, energy-saving effect is remarkable, safe and reliable operation.

Key words: escalator , inverter, plc, control system

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目录

目 录

1 引 言 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 自动扶梯的概述 .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 自动扶梯的基本结构 .......................................................................................... 1 1.3 自动扶梯的分类 .................................................................................................. 2 1.4 自动扶梯的主要参数 .......................................................................................... 3 1.5 自动扶梯设计的基本要求 .................................................................................. 3 2 系统方案的选择 ..................................................................................................... 4 2.1 PLC与继电器控制系统比较 .............................................................................. 4 2.2 变频调速系统 ...................................................................................................... 4 2.3 方案选定 .............................................................................................................. 5 3 系统电气元件的选型 ............................................................................................. 6 3.1 电动机的选型 ...................................................................................................... 6 3.2 PLC的选型 .......................................................................................................... 7 3.2.1 PLC的工作原理 ............................................................................................... 7 3.2.2 PLC的选择原则 ............................................................................................... 8 3.2.3 西门子PLC ....................................................................................................... 9 3.3 变频器的选型 .................................................................................................... 10 3.3.1 变频器的简介 ................................................................................................. 10 3.3.2 变频器的功能特点 ......................................................................................... 10 3.3.3 变频器的选择原则 ......................................................................................... 11 3.3.4 MM440变频器 ............................................................................................... 11 3.4 传感器的选型 .................................................................................................... 12 3.4.1 红外传感器 ..................................................................................................... 12 3.4.2 热释电红外传感器 ......................................................................................... 12 4 参数设定和硬件端子图 ....................................................................................... 14 4.1 电动机参数设定 ................................................................................................ 14

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