中考教材知识点

when与while作连词时的区别见下表： 相同点 不when 同点 while 都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当??的时候” 所引导从句中的动词既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性（终止性）动词，从句中时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词常用延续性动词，主从句动作若同时发生则主从句都用进行时态。 （延续性动词就是表示可以持续发生一段时间的动作的动词，如wait, talk, sleep等。延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for two days, How long …等。非延续性动词指动作瞬间完成，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如stop, open, join等。） 提醒：

while作连词时也可理解为“然而”，表示转折关系；while还可以表示“一会儿；一段时间”。 ① I like pears while my brother doesn’t. 我喜欢梨，弟弟却不喜欢。（连词） ② The rain will fall in no while. 马上就要下雨了。 （名词） 例题：

1). Yesterday evening I was playing the piano ______ the doorbell rang. A. when B. before C. while D. after 2). When my father got home, I ______ a letter to my friend.

A. write B. am writing C. wrote D. was writing 3). The twins were playing games when I ______ them in the garden. A. found B. was finding C. find D. will find

4). Who’s looking after your sister while your mother ______ (work)? 5). Please wait for me for a little w_______. I’ll be back soon. 2. You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning … 今天早上你们应该在车站见面??

(1) be supposed to …其中to是动词不定式符合，其后跟动词原形。主语是“人”时，意为“应该??”，“被期望??”，表示劝告、建议、责任等，相当于情态动词should,主语是“物”时，表示“本应；本该”，用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。

(2) be supposed to …的否定结构为be not supposed to, 意为“不被许可，不应当。” 例题：

1). Students are ______ to speak loudly in the reading room.

A. told B. supposed C. not supposed D. allowed 2). 火车本应在半小时之前到达。

The train _______ _______ _______ _______ half an hour ago.

3. She got really mad at me and said she didn’t want to be my best friend anymore. 她真的很生我的气，并声称不再做我的好朋友。

(1) be / get mad at/ with sb./ sth. 对某人/ 某事恼火 be mad at/ with sb. = be angry with sb. 对某人恼火 be mad about sb./ sth. 狂热地迷恋某人/某事

(2) not… anymore （或any more）意为“不再”，可替换为no more。

any more: 句末，而no more：系动词、助动词或情态动词后，实义动词前。

① Some students are mad about online games and lose all interest in studying now. 现在许多青少年学生迷恋网络游戏，对学习失去了兴趣。

② He didn’t write to me anymore. = He no more wrote to me. 他不再给我写信了。 例题：

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1). Linda’s teacher was so mad ______ her because lots of mistakes in the test. A. at B. in C. on D. about

2). Good news for all Chinese middle school students in the countryside. They don’t have to pay for school _______.

A. any more B. no more C. so far D. no longer 3). Many young boys are mad _______ Chinese kungfu. A. in B. at C. about D. with

4). They can no more skate when summer comes. （同义句） They _______ skate _______ _______ when summer comes.

八年级（下） Units 5-6

一、重点单词

1. against (prep.) 反对；对??不利

(1) （表反对，敌对）与??对抗，反对??；不利于 (2) （表接触）碰??，撞??；倚着??；靠着?? against the wall 靠墙

(3) （表反方向）与??逆向against the wind逆风 提醒：

against是借此，不能单独作谓语，常与be连用。be against“反对”的反义词组为be for“赞成，支持”。 例题：

1). Class 3 will play a football match ______ Class 2 tomorrow. A. for B. against C. and D. about 2). Rain beats ______ the window.

A. to B. for C. against D. with 3). （完成句子）他逆流而游。 He _______ _______ the stream.

2. since (pre. & conj.) 自从；自??以来 辨析：since/ for

两词引导的短语可以表示一段时间，对其提问用how long。

(1) since可作介词，后跟时间名词，也可作连词，后跟一个时间状语从句，指某动作或情况从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，主句通常用现在完成时。since还可用于It is (was) … since …的句型。

(2) for后跟一段时间，指动作或情况到现在持续了多久。 (3) since作连词时，还可意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，常置于句首。 提醒：

(1) ever since“从那以后”，多与完成时态连用。

(2) 短暂性动词的肯定式一般不能与since …, for …等表示一段时间的状语连用。 例题：

1). She has studied in this school ______ she was seven years old. A. since B. if C. until D. after

2). I’ve been collecting old coins ______ ten years ago.

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A. for B. about C. since

3). He has lived in Beijing for two years. （对划线部分提问） _______ ________ _______ he lived in Beijing?

4). （完成句子） 既然你累了，我们休息一会儿。 _______ you are tired, let’s have a rest. 3. raise (v.) 筹集；筹募 raise money 筹款 raise a weight 举起 raise a baby 养育 raise prices 提高 辨析：raise/ rise

这两个词都有“举起；上升”的意思，但用法不同：

(1) raise是及物动词，后面一定要有宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。 (2) rise是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语。说明主语自身移向较高的位置。 例题：

1). The famous singers had a concert to r______ money for the homeless people. 2). He _______ his hand first when the teacher asked the question. A. raise B. raised C. rise D. rose 3). The river is _______ after the rain. A. raising B. lifting C. rising 4). （完成句子） 食品的价格仍在上涨。 Food prices _______ still _______. 5). （用raise和rise完成句子）

On Monday morning, we were watching the children _______ the national flag, and we saw it _______ slowly in the wind. 二、重点短语 1. take away 拿走

表示把某人或某物从说话者处带到其他地方，即“从这里拿走”，与bring的意思恰恰相反。 提醒：

take away是一个“动词+副词”结构，当其宾语为名词时，该名词置于away前后均可，而当其宾语为代词时，代词必须置于away之前。 归纳：

take off 脱掉（衣服、鞋帽等）；（飞机）起飞 take care of 照顾，保管 take photos 拍照 take after 相似

take out 拿出，取出 take it easy 不用紧张 例题：

1). _______ away this dirty shirt and bring me a clean one. A. Pick B. Bring C. Carry D. Take 2). I want to take ______ what I said.

A. for B. after C. back D. out

3). The plane from Shanghai to Paris will _______ in an hour.

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A. take up B. take away C. take out D. take off 4). Please ______ the baby for me while I’m away.

A. look at B. look for C. take care of D. take up 2. run out of 用完，用尽 辨析：run out of/ run out (1) run out of “用完；用尽”，主语通常是人，与use up意思相同；run out of还可以表示“从??跑了出来。” (2) run out“（时间、金钱、事物等）用尽，用完”，此时主语是时间、金钱等。 The ink has run out. 墨水用完了。 例题：

1). My son’s bad grades in his lessons made me run out of patience, and I started to get angry with him.

A. need B. lose C. keep 2). Our water is running _______.

A. out of B. into C. out D. up 3). （用run out of/ run out填空）

Her money has been _______ and her patience is also _______. 三、重点句型

1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time. 如果你去参加聚会，你会玩得很开心的！ if 引导的条件状语从句，当主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句要用一般现在时来代替将来时。 归纳：if 的用法 conj.

(1)（表示条件）如果

(2)（表示虚拟）假如，要是 (3)（表示让步）即使

(4) 是否，引导宾语从句，相当于whether

① He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他，他会来的。

② If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你，我决不做那件事。 ③ We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去。 ④ I wonder if she is ill. 不知她是否病了。 例题：

1). I’ll go for a walk with you if it ______ tomorrow.

A. won’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. will rain D. not rains 2). If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow, _______.

A. he will, too B. he won’t, either C. he does, too D. he doesn’t, either 3). 如果我富有，我就帮助你。（完成句子）

______________________________________________________________ 4). Do you mind my opening the door? （改为同义句） Do you mind _______ _______ open the door?

2. And if you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are. 并且如果你富有了，你就难以分清谁是你真正的朋友。 归纳：

(1) have a difficult time doing sth.

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