基于单片机的遥控直升飞机系统设计（论文） - 图文

摘 要

随着航空模型的发展，特别是无线电遥控模型飞机的日臻完善，航空模型的用途越来越广泛。

本文主要研究了基于单片机的遥控直升飞机控制，以STC89C51作为核心部件进行逻辑控制及信号产生，实现了红外远程遥控直升机的目的。论文首先介绍了单片机的基本理论，然后对软件设计中所涉及的红外遥控发射、接收、调速等单元的设计流程及工作原理进行了详细的说明，并阐述了遥控直升飞机的飞行原理。由于飞机配件的选择及组装是本次设计的重要内容之一，因此文中对涉及到的电机、舵机、螺旋桨、锂电池等飞机主要配件及组装注意事项进行了重点讲解。最后通过对软硬件的反复调试，完成直升机的装机和控制系统设计，达到设计要求，实现对遥控直升飞机平衡、上升、下降、左转、右转等简单的控制。该遥控直升机具有接收信号灵敏，控制简单等优点。

关键词：遥控直升机；单片机；汇编语言；红外遥控

Abstract

With the development of aviation models, especially the radio-controlled model airplanes are becoming perfection, the model airplane is getting more sophisticated and more widely used.

In this paper, the microcontroller-based remote control helicopter is researched. It takes STC89C51 as the core components to have the logic control and generate signals, in order to achieve the purpose of the infrared remote control helicopter. First, the article introduces the basic theory of the microcontroller; then illustrates the designing process and working principles of infrared remote control transmitter, receiver, and speed control unit involved in software design; and expounds the flight theory of remote control helicopter. Because the selection and assembly of aircraft parts are one of the important parts of this design, this paper will pay attention to issues of motors, steering gear, propellers, lithium and other aircraft involved in the main parts and assembly. Finally, after the repeatedly testing of the hardware and software, this paper will complete the installment and control system design of the helicopter, meet the design requirements, to achieve the balance, up, down, turn left, turn right and some simple control of the remote control helicopter. The remote control helicopter has advantages of received signal sensitively and controlled simply.

Keywords: remote control helicopter; microcontroller; assembly language; infrared remote control

目 录

第1章 概 述................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题研究的背景和意义................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外航模的发展状况................................................................................ 1 1.3 论文主要内容................................................................................................ 3

第2章 单片机简介 ........................................................................................................ 4

2.1 单片机概述.................................................................................................... 4 2.2 单片机的应用领域........................................................................................ 4 2.3 STC89C51单片机的功能及简介.................................................................. 5 2.4 本章小结........................................................................................................ 9

第3章 遥控直升飞机组件与安装 .............................................................................. 10

3.1 直升机的基本理论...................................................................................... 10 3.2 直升飞机各组件名称与作用...................................................................... 14 3.3 硬件组装...................................................................................................... 17 3.4 本章小结...................................................................................................... 20

第4章 系统的设计与实现 .......................................................................................... 21

4.1 遥控码的发射.............................................................................................. 21 4.2 红外接收...................................................................................................... 23 4.3 调速单元...................................................................................................... 26 4.4 系统调试...................................................................................................... 28 4.5 本章小结...................................................................................................... 30

结 论............................................................................................................................... 31 致 谢............................................................................................................................... 32 参考文献......................................................................................................................... 33 附录1发射程序............................................................................................................. 34 附录2 接收程序............................................................................................................ 37

I

附录3 PWM信号（产生移位脉冲） ......................................................................... 40 附录4 红外发射电路图 ............................................................................................... 42 附录5 红外接收电路图 ............................................................................................... 43

II