主谓一致知识点

主谓一致 （一） 综述知识

主谓一致是历年高考试题中主要的测试点之一，它主要从单项选择，语法填空和完成句子的形式来测试语法一致的原则，意义一致的原则，就近一致的原则。同时还涉及动词时态，语态等。由于汉语中没有主谓一致现象，所以有时很难把握这一语法现象。

（二）知识点归纳

主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数等方面的一致。关于主谓一致，有四个原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致和就远一致。

考点（A）：语法一致原则 定义：语法一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致。 1. 不同形式的主语

定义：主语是一个单数名词，一个不可数名词，一个动名词短语，一个不定式短语，人称代词（he, she, it）一个名词短语或一个从句，谓语动词用单数形式，例如： To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 He is a student. 他是个学生。

When to start is unaware 什么时候动身还不知道。 2. 复数名词做主语

定义：主语是一个复数名词，人称代词（I，you, you, we, they），谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。

The boys like playing football. 男孩子们喜欢踢足球。 3. 不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

Nobody knows where he comes from. 没有人知道他是什么地方的人。

Tow boys here, one is tall, the other is short. 这儿两个男孩，一个个子高，另一个个子矮。

考点（B）：意义一致原则

定义：该原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语所表达的意义一致，而不是与主语的实际语法形式一致。

1. 形单意复原则 高频词有：people, police, men, teeth等。

People often use body language. 人们经常使用肢体语言。 注：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。

2. 形复意单原则 高频词有：news, maths, polities physics等。 Maths is not easy to learn. 数学不容易学。

3．单复同形原则 高频词有：fish, sheep, deer, works, chinese等作主语谓语动词要视其意义来确定是单或复数形式。

A fish is in the bowl.碗里有条鱼。

Some fish are in the bowl.碗里有一些鱼。

注：There are 5 fishes in the lake. 湖中有5种鱼。

1

4. 分体原则 高频词有：family, class, team group等作主语，作整体看动词用单数，作个体看动词用复数形式。

Tom’s family are going to Beijing. 汤姆一家人要去北京。 Tom’s family is a good one, 汤姆的家庭是个好家庭。

考点（C）：就近一致原则

定义：谓语动词的形式与最近的主语在人称和数上一致。

高频词有：either....or…., neither….nor….., not only……but also…..., many a +单数名词，more than one+单数名词等

Either you or he is wrong. 不是你就是他不对。

Many a student fails in the exam. 许多学生考试经常不及格。 There is a boy and two girls here. 这里有一个男生和两个女生。

考点（D）：就远一致原则

定义：有时主语接介词短语，如：with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides等，谓语动词的人称和数根据主语而确定。

Tom as well as his friends is going to help me. 汤姆和他的朋友会来帮我。

The students, together with their teacher, are singing. 这些学生和他们的老师在唱歌。

考点（E）：归一原则

定义：名词+and+名词作主语表示同一个人，同一件事，同一物类，动词用单数形式。 Apple and banana is fruit. 苹果和香蕉是水果。

The teacher and writer is my friend. 作家兼老师是我朋友。

注：The teacher and the writer are my friends. 这个老师和作家是我朋友。

考点（F）：其他容易失分的考点点拨

1.“the+形容词”作主语时，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。

The old are taken good care of in our country. 在我国，老人们得到很好的照顾。 2. 表示不可数的事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。

The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 美丽的事物会给所有人快乐。 3. “a number of+复数名词”作主语，动词用复数形式。

“the number of +复数名词”作主语，动词用单数形式。

4. “each/every+单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语时，动词用单数形式。 Each boy and girl has a beautiful dream. 每个少男少女都有着美好的梦。 5. 表示时间，距离，重量，金额等复数名词作主语时，动词用单数形式。（作为一个整体） A hundred miles is a long distance. 一百英里是一段长距离。 10 years is not long. 十年不长。

6. “分数词+ of+名词”作主语时，动词要依据名词来确定。

70% of the land is covered by water. 百分之70的陆地被水覆盖。 About eight tenth of e-mails are in English. 大约8/10的邮件使用英语。 6. 计量单位名词决定动词的形式。 A box of apples is on the table.

Two glasses of water are on the desk.

2

三、语言知识及运用训练

a. 基础训练题，用所给的动词适当形式填空

1.Tom and Mike____(be)good boys. 2.There____(be)a book and two pens here. 3.They______(not like)computer games. 4.Look! The boy____(sleep) on the desk.

5.The woman and her husband______(work)in the same office. 6.To help the patients and save their lives_____(be)a doctor’s duty. 7.What he said____(be)true.

8.One of the boys_______(live)here since1999. 9.None of us_____(like)to play football. 10.The boy and the girl_______(work) hard.

b.真题链接

1.______the Internet___in your school? Yes. (2010) a.Is,used b.Is,using c.Does,use d.Has,used

2.You should really____smoking.It’s a terrible habit. (2010) a.grow up b.pick up c. give up d.set up

3.Excuse me. What is this for? It’s a cleanerand it__to pick up dirt. (2010) a.uses b.is used c.is using d.used

4.Each boy___got a book. The girls each____a book.(2010) a.have,has b.has have c.has has d.have have 5.Robert with his two kids____to the beach for vacation every year.(2010) a.go b.goes c.went d.are going

6.Everyone____Icome frome Wuhan.Actually,I come frome Guangzhow.(2010) a.find b.think c.finds d.thinks

7.Tom has been away for over 25 days. I miss him very much. You know, 25 days___short.(2010)

3

a.is b.isn’t c.are d.aren’t 8.____of the land____covered with trees and grass.(2010)

a.Tow fifths, is b.Two fifth, are c.Two fifth, is d.Two fifths, are 9.How much____the pair of shoes? Ten dollars___enough.(2010) a.is, is b,is, are c.are, is d. are, are 10.The news___very interesting! Tell me more. a.is b.are c.were d.was c.能力突破

1.In our school library there__a number of books on science and the number of them__growing larger and larger.

a.is are b.are is c.has is d.have are 2. There is good ____for you. I found your lost watch. a.news b.ideas c.messages d. thoughts 3.There____no milk in the fridge.Could you get some for me? a.is b.are c.was d.were 4.I as well as you____good at maths. a.am b.is c. are d. were 5.Do you think maths___very interesting? a.are b. is c.was d.sound

6.How times flies! Three years_____really a short time. a.is b. are c.was d. were

7.The police____still busy looking for the missing girl. a.is b.are c.has d.have

8.The teacher and writer____come already.Let’s begin our meeting. a.is b. are c.has d. have

9.Mike with his brother___listening to the music very much. a.likes b.like c.liking d.to like 10. There____ a little sheep at the foot of the hill. a.is b. are c. has d. have

4