农广校大学英语第四册复习题

even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation, and during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

31. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that ________________.

A) it protects him against the harmful rays from space B) it provides sufficient light for plant growth

C) it supplies the heat necessary for human survival D) it screens off the falling meteors

32. We know from the passage that _________________. A) exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal B) the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming C) radiation is avoidable in space exploration

D) astronauts in spacesuits needn?t worry about radiation damage

33. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ______________. A) is insignificant B) seems overestimated C) is enormous D) remains unknown 34. It can be inferred from the passage that _________________. A) the Apollo mission was very successful

B) protection from space radiation is no easy job

C) astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren D) radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers

35. The best title for this passage would be ___________________. A) The Atmosphere and Our Environment B) Research on Radiation C) Effects of Space Radiation

D) Importance of Protection against Radiation Passage 2

Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient

institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always wicked and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern

ingenuity has change this. Euther Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the gravest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the

victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change age-old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.

There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a profound error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic assertions which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.

The movement of world opinion during the past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the international sphere, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the H-bomb. 36. This passage implies that war is now _____________. A) more wicked than in the past B) as wicked as in the past C) less wicked than in the past D) what people try to live with 37. According to the author ________________. A) it is impossible to live without war

B) war is the only way to settle international disagreements C) war must be abolished if Man wants to survive D) war will be abolished by modern ingenuity

38. The author says that modern weapons _____________. A) abolish nuclear weapons B) put mankind in grave danger

C) will gradually become part of Man?s life D) need further improving

39. The author believes that the only way to abolish war is to _______________. A) adopt to that ideology B) abolish nuclear and chemical weapons

C) change age-old habits of arbitration D) settle international issues through negotiation

40. The last paragraph suggests that __________________. A) nuclear war will definitely not take place

B) international agreements are now reached more and more easily C) Man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemy D) world opinion is in favor of nuclear war Passage 3

What attracts you to certain individuals? Their looks? Their personality? Their sense of humor? Why is it that two people who are very similar may not be attractive to each other? It is not always easy to explain why some people are attracted to others. Two people might be attracted to the same individual for completely different reasons.

For instance, Jeremy and Chris both met Shellee at a community Fourth of July picnic. Both were attracted to her because of a \Shellee was special because she had lived in Colon, Panama, where he had grown up. In contrast, the special quality that Chris admired in her was her satirical (讽刺的) sense of humor.

Physical attractiveness presents a special case of interpersonal attraction. Western society places great emphasis on having a pleasant physical appearance. Of course, looks aren't every- thing, but they do play an important role in attracting others. In fact, keeping your body up through eating healthful foods, working out, and getting adequate sleep has become an obsession (使人着迷的事) in the 1990s. What is more, television and fashion magazines keep you up to date on what is in style so that your clothing can always be \整容的) dental work, once options chosen mainly by the wealthy, are now widely used to achieve the look people want.

People with similar beliefs, values, and morals are more likely to enter into a relationship than those with dissimilar attitudes. For example, only in unusual

circumstances will a religious person become romantically involved with an atheist (无神论者), or a liberal Democrat develop an intimate relationship with an extremely conservative Republican. Instead, people are attracted to others who tend to think much as they do. A familiar saying suggests that opposites at- tract, but more often than not this is not true. At first you may be attracted to your opposite because that person has some qualities or characteristics that you lack. As time goes by, however, these differences may become a source of disagreement, representing a major conflict in your respective values, beliefs, and ideas. Although differences can be a source of interest for some couples, by and large, it is similar attitudes that bond individuals together, creating opportunities for relational stability.

41. In the first paragraph, the author seems trying to convey the following ideas EXCEPT that

A) it is always difficult to give the reason for interpersonal attraction

B) it is quite possible that two people might be attracted to the same person for completely

different reasons

C) it is not easy to explain why two people who are very similar may not be attractive

to each other

D) a person is more attractive for his or her look than for his or her sense of humor 42. Western people pay great attention to their appearance because they know that A) one's look is a decisive factor in attracting others

B) one's look plays a significant part in interpersonal attractiveness C) having pleasant looks may keep you up to date D) pleasant looks mean health and wealth

43. According to the author, plastic surgery and cosmetic dental work A) used to be more expensive than they are now B) used to be chosen only by the rich C) are enjoyed by ordinary people now

D) may keep people in style in clothing

44. Which of the following statements may the author disagree withy

A) People are attracted to those who tend to think much the same as they do.

B) People with similar attitudes are more likely to establish a relationship than those

with dissimilar ones.

C) Differences between people may gradually become a source of disagreement.

D) Opposites attract.

45. The two main reasons for interpersonal attraction that the author presents in this passage may generally be summed up as

A) pleasant physical appearance and similarity of attitudes B) different personality and similar beliefs

C) fashionable appearance and opposite attitudes

D) attractive looks and some major conflicts Passage 4

In the early 1800's, the paper industry was still using rags as the basic source of fiber as it had for many centuries. However, the rag supply couldn't keep up with the growing demand for paper. The United States alone was using 250,000 tons of rags each year. And a quarter of that bad to be imported. It was clear that the new source of fiber was needed to keep up with the demand for paper. The answer to this problem turned out to be paper made from wood pulp (浆), something that was abundantly available in North America. In Canada, the first wood pulp mill was set up in 1866 and was immediately successful. But while wood pulp solved the problem of quantity, it created the problem of quality. Wood contains a substance called lignin (木质素). The simplest way to make large quantity of cheap paper involves leaving the lignin in the wood pulp. But lignin has poor structure and its presence in paper has shortened the life expectancy (寿命) of paper from several centuries for rag paper to less than a century for paper made from wood pulp. This means that books printed less than a hundred years ago are already turning yellow and beginning to disintegrate, but rag paper books printed much earlier may be in fine condition. This is bad enough for the older books on your bookshelf, but it poses a huge problem for libraries and collection of the government documents.

46. In the early 1800's, the rag supply was scarce because

A) rag was the basic source of industry B) the demand for paper was growing C) wood pulp had its shortcoming D) both A and B 47. The resolution of scarce rag supply was __ A) to find new source of fiber