低温污水处理脱氮除磷复合菌群的选育 - pdf - 图文

国内图书分类号：Q93 国际图书分类号：579 学校代码：10213

密级：公开

理学硕士学位论文

低温污水处理脱氮除磷复合菌群的选育

硕士研究生： 刘淑丽 导 师：

李建政 教授

申请学位： 理学硕士

学科、专业：

微生物学 答辩日期： 2012年 7月 所在单位： 授予学位单位： 市政环境工程学院哈尔滨工业大学

Classified Index: Q93 U.D.C:579

Dissertation for a Master’s Degree in Science ACCLIMATIZATION OF MULTIPLE MICROORGANISMS FOR NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN WASTEWATER AT

LOW TEMPERATURE

Candidate： Supervisor：

Academic Degree Applied for： Specialty： Affiliation： Date of Defence：

Liu Shuli Prof. Li Jianzheng Master of Science Microbiology

School of Muni. & Env. Eng July, 2012

Harbin

Degree-Conferring-Institution： Institute of Technology

哈尔滨工业大学理学硕士学位论文

摘要

北方冬季气温低，污水处理效率低，导致氮磷排放达标困难，有针对性地开 发低温污水处理技术及产品具有重要的意义。本文借助于低温（15 ℃）序批式反 应器（SBR）的运行，通过不同的调控方式驯化培养硝化功能菌群、同步脱氮除磷 功能菌群及反硝化聚磷功能菌群，并为进一步筛选脱氮除磷效果良好的菌株提供 种泥来源，为开发基于强化脱氮除磷功能菌群作用的高效低温污水处理技术奠定 基础。

低温硝化功能菌群的驯化培养及其氨氧化潜能测试结果表明，在（15 ± 1）℃ 下，好氧活性污泥经驯化可获得良好的氨氧化能力。在初始氨氮（ NH4+-N）浓度 为 46 mg/L左右时，其 NH4+-N去除速率和亚硝态氮（NO2--N）生成速率分别可达 54.26 g/kg-MLSS·d和 29.07 g/kg-MLSS·d左右。菌群处理城镇污水的 NH4+-N去除 率可达 85%以上，在初始 NH4+-N浓度分别为 91.01 mg/L和 163.37 mg/L左右时， 其最高 NH4+-N去除速率分别可达 52.54 g/kg-MLSS·d和 111.97 g/kg-MLSS·d，具有 处理高氨氮废水的潜力。该菌群中的硝酸菌比亚硝酸菌对 pH 更敏感，在初始 pH 为 9.0和 8.0时氨氧化速率和硝化速率最大；Na2CO3可以作为污泥驯化的良好的促 进剂，低 COD和一定的盐度可促进菌群的硝化效率的提高。

通过厌氧-好氧-缺氧运行方式，可从常规活性污泥驯化出同步脱氮除磷功能菌 群。该低温功能菌群在进水 COD为 400 mg/L（C:N:P=200:20:2.5）条件下处理效 果最佳，其 NH4+-N、TN、TP、COD去除率分别可达 98.80%、90.83%、85.80%和 93.56%；当进水 COD 提高到 500 mg/L时，可引发体系污泥发生丝状菌膨胀。经 厌氧-好氧和厌氧-缺氧的递进驯化，可在 SBR中培养出低温反硝化聚磷功能菌群， 在进水 COD 为 200 mg/L（C:N:P=200:15:2.5）条件下达到运行稳定时，体系的 NH4+-N、TN、COD和 TP去除率分别为 97.62%、89.79%、94.12%和 81.11%，均 达到国家一级 A 排放标准。对三大功能菌群不同运行时期的污泥进行生物相和群 落变化分析，不同时期体系内微生物种群优势菌属不同，与水质和调控条件的影 响对应。从驯化稳定的反硝化聚磷功能菌群中分离鉴定出一株高效的脱氮除磷菌 株 J6，通过 16S rRNA鉴定该菌株属于不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter sp.）。

关键词：低温；污水处理；脱氮除磷；SBR；功能菌群

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哈尔滨工业大学理学硕士学位论文

Abstract

The efficiency of sewage treatment is too low to meet standards of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions due to low temperature during winter in northern China. So it is significant to develop technologies and products about low-temperature wastewater treatment. The aim of the research was to acclimatize nitrification function flora, simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal function flora and denitrifying phosphorus functional flora by means of different control methods in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at 15℃. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal function floras were studied for providing foundation for separatation of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms further and developing enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies based on efficient low-temperature sewage treatment.

The results in acclimatizing low-temperature nitrification function flora and tests of ammonia oxidation activity showed inoculated activated sludge could obtain a better ammonia oxidation activity after acclimatized, with a specific ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal rate of 54.26 g/kg-MLSS·d and specific nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) producing rate of 29.07 g/kg-MLSS·d at an initial NH 4+-N of 46 mg·L-1 at 15±1℃. The NH4+-N removal was achieved more than 85% in the SBR when treating urban sewage. The acclimatized activated sludge also illustrated a better potential in treating high ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The specific NH4+-N removal rate could reach at 52.54 g/kg-MLSS·d and 111.97 g/kg-MLSS·d in the SBR when the initial NH4+-N concentrations were 91.01 mg·L-1 and 163.37 mg·L-1, respectively. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was more sensitive to pH than Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the function flora. The ammonia oxidation rate was the highest at an initial pH of 9.0 and nitration rate was the highest at an initial pH of 8.0. The Na2CO3 was a good catalyst in acclimatizing process of activated sludge and the nitrification efficiency of acclimatized activated sludge was increased by low concentration of COD and NaCl.

Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal function flora was obtained from conventional activated sludge through operation of anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic mode. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal was highest, with NH 4+-N removal rate , TN removal rate, TP removal rate and COD removal rate were 98.80%, 90.83%, 85.80% and 93.56% , respectively at the influent COD of 400 mg/L (C:N:P=200:20:2.5). Phenomenon of sludge bulking appeared in SBR at influent COD of 500 mg/L. Denitrifying phosphorus function flora could be cultured by two stages of anaerobic-aerobic and anaerobic-anoxic in the SBR, the NH4+-N removal rate, TN removal rate, TP removal rate and COD removal rate were 97.62%, 89.79%, 94.12% and 81.11%, respectively at influent COD of 200 mg/L(C:N:P=200:20:2.5), meeting the national level emission standards of A . Biofacies and microbial population variation of

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