2020版高考英语一轮复习Book7Unit3Underthesea题型组合训练十七A新人教版

C

(2018湖北八校二次联考)

What’s small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers?If you say bees or hummingbirds, you get it. You won’t be the first if you mix the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.

Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals searched for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located to others. “It was ‘almost like an algorithm(算法)’ for efficient searching,” said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.

As the field of animal cognition(认知)appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social;hummingbirds typically aren’t.

“But however they perceive(察觉到)or process information, they both experience similar information,” Dr. Pritchard said. In day-to-day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bee’s-eye view than a bird’s-eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they don’t use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flower’s original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching—hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to their memory and using those as references later. 8.What is the center of the research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?

A.Memory. B.Movement rules. C.Reward calculating. D.Information processing.

9.Which subject’s research methods were adopted to study the learning ability of hummingbirds? A.Math. B.Biology. C.Ecology. D.Psychology.

10.How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like other birds? A.By setting them free. B.By moving flowers. C.By matching view. D.By making maps.

11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Hummingbirds and Bees B.Hummingbirds in the Lab C.New Trends in Studying Bees D.Thinking of Hummingbirds as Bees 答案

[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。人们普遍把蜂鸟和蜜蜂混在一起考虑,一组研究人员欣然接受了这种做法并对蜂鸟和蜜蜂进行了研究。

8.B 事实细节题。本题题干意为:在20世纪70年代对蜂鸟和蜜蜂的研究中心是什么?根据题干中的“in the 1970s”可知答案区间在第二段。由其中的“Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers...”(那时的研究人员关注它们的运动规律,如:它们采花粉的顺序……)可知答案为B项。A项(记忆力),C项(计算奖励),D项(信息处理)在第二段中均未提及,故排除。

9.D 事实细节题。本题题干意为:在研究蜂鸟的学习能力时(研究人员)使用了哪个学科的研究方法?根据文章第三段中的“Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab.(蜂鸟研究人员在实验室把蜂鸟与其他鸟类进行对比并引用了心理学的方法研究了它们的学习能力。)”可知答案为D项(心理学)。 10.B 事实细节题。本题题干意为:研究人员是如何发现蜂鸟和其他鸟类不同的?根据最后一段中的“Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they don’t use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just

an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flower’s original location.(在长途飞行时,蜂鸟像其他鸟类那样,靠地标、距离和方向来绘制地图,但它们不用这些线索寻找花朵。把一朵花从蜂鸟认为其所在的位置挪动大约一英寸,蜂鸟还会在花朵原来的位置上方盘旋。)可知答案为B项(通过移动花朵)。A:通过释放它们;C:通过视图匹配;D:通过绘制地图。 11.D 主旨大意题。由全文大意并结合第一段中的“Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.(现在一组研究人员甚至说我们应该欣然接受把这两种动物放在同一个组里考虑的历史。科学家研究蜜蜂的方法也可帮助他们研究蜂鸟的行为。)”可确定本题答案为D项(把蜂鸟看作蜜蜂)。

D

From December 5—11, millions of kids in over 180 countries will take part in The Hour of Code challenge, which coincides with Computer Science Week. It is organized by Seattle-based non-profit Code. org every year. It was created to inspire students of all backgrounds and ages to love computer science, and then consider a career in software engineering.

During the Hour, which can be set aside any time of the week, participants can try programming using one or more of the free tutorials(教程) offered on the Code. org’s website.

The sessions that are organized by age and experience level and available in 45 languages, begin with a brief introduction to computer science. Then comes the fun part—coding. With tasks that include solving a problem for Disney’s daring teenager Moana, taking Alex or Steve on an adventure through a Minecraft world, or building a Star Wars Galaxy, there is something to interest everyone.

Started in 2013, The Hour of Code is now one of the biggest global learning events. While schools are the biggest participants, corporations(法人) have started organizing The Hour of Code events as well. For schools that want to go beyond the Hour, Code. org has created computer science courses. Available for elementary, middle, and high schools, they can be used by educators to offer computer science as a subject during the school year. According to the non-profit’s website, over 43,000 teachers have undergone Code. org’s professional learning program to teach computer science to over one million students. Of these, 2,000 are high school teachers who aim to start a full-year computer science course in schools that have not offered the subject before.

Though the 32 states that currently count computer science classes towards high-school math or science requirements are a big improvement over the 12 states that recognized the subject in 2013, there is still more to be done. But thanks to organizations like Code. org, things can only improve. To see how you and your school can participate in this exciting event,go to hourofcode. com.

12.What is the Hour of Code designed for kids to do? A.Develop interest in computer science. B.Get to know Computer Science Week. C.Have a good command of science.

D.Make a decision about their future jobs.

13.What can students do if they attend The Hour of Code? A.Learn languages. B.Visit Disneyland. C.Learn to program. D.Go adventuring.

14.What can we learn about The Hour of Code from the text? A.It’s the biggest global learning event. B.Only students liking computers can participate. C.It’s a non-profit organization. D.It’s an annual program.

15.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To promote computer science. B.To introduce The Hour of Code. C.To show how to teach science. D.To let kids prepare for the future. 答案

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了“编程一小时”这一全球范围内的活动,该活动有来自全球180多个国家数以千万计的学习者参加。

12.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中It was created to inspire students of all backgrounds and ages to love computer science, and then consider a career in software engineering.可知其设计目的是激发学生对电脑科学的兴趣,从而选择软件工程领域的职业。 13.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知参与者可以学习编程。