高考英语二轮复习语法突破 专题八 动词的时态语态(含答案)

语法复习专题八 动词的时态、语态

I、时态重点难点解析

高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。 一、 动词的基本形式一览表 形式 原形 现在时第三人称单数形式 变化规则 一般情况 以ch, sh, s, x结尾 以o结尾 以 “辅音字母＋y”结尾 过去式过去分词规则变化 一般情况 以不发音e结尾 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 以 “辅音字母＋y”结尾 现在分词 一般情况 以不发音e结尾 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 时 态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 将来进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 构 成 动词原形 （第三人称单数+s等） 动词过去式 will（shall）+动词原形 be going to+动词原形 would+动词原形 will（shall）+be+现在分词 am（is, are）+现在分词 was（were）+现在分词 have（has）+过去分词 had+过去分词 构成方法 加-s 加-es 加-es 变y为i ，加-es 加-ed 直接加-d 双写这个辅音字母再加-ed 变y为i ，加-ed 加-ing 去e，再加-ing 双写这个辅音字母再加-ing 例词 see, finish, teach look→looks, write→writes teach→teaches,finish→finishes guess→guesses, mix→mixes do→does, go→goes try→tries, cry→cries stay→stayed, look→looked decide→decided, hope→hoped stop→stopped, admit→admitted carry→carried, try→tried go→going, read→reading have→having, write→writing cut→cutting, run→running 二、常用10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表 常用时间状语 always, usually, often, sometimes, every…,etc. yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…,…ago, etc. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in two days, etc. 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中 at eight（this time）tomorrow, etc. now, during these days, etc. at eight（this time）yesterday, etc. already, just, yet, since, for…, many times, in/over the last/past+时间, up till now, etc. by…,before, etc. 现在完成进行时 have（has）+been+现在分词 all the morning/evening/afternoon, etc. 三、 注意以下几种时态的区别 1. 一般过去时和现在完成时 1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。I wrote

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a letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)

2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。

I have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。) 2. 一般过去时和过去进行时

1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。

It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间) 2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。

It was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时

1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。 I have read that book. (已读完)

2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。 I have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)

注：It is/was +时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词如果是持续性动词：表示自从某人不做某事已多久了： It is/was +时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词：表示自从某人做某事以来已多久了： Eg: It is ten years since he came here. 他来这儿已10年了。

It is ten years since he lived/taught here.他不在这里居住/任教已有10年了。

II.动词的语态：

动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。

如： People speak English all over the world. (the active voice) English is spoken all over the world. (the passive voice) 一、 动词的被动语态构成一览表（以ask为例） 1 2 3 4 5 常用被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 构 成 am/is/are asked was/were asked will/shall be asked should/would be asked am/is/are being asked 6 7 8 9 常用被动语态 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去将来完成时 构 成 was/were being asked have/has been asked had been asked will/would have been asked can/must/may be asked 10 含有情态动词的被动 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介词、副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：We are not allowed to smoke./ He is often made fun of by his classmates./ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 注表“据说”类的动词，如：It is said/believed/supposed/reported that…, It is generally considered that…, 意It is well known that…等，及It must be admitted/pointed out that…等结构常以被动形式出现。 事以下主动形式常表被动意义：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. /The film is worth seeing. /The 项 door won’t shut/open. /The play won’t act. /The clothes wash well. /The book sells well. /The dish tastes delicious. /Water feels very cold. 以下词或短语没有被动态：happen, appear, become, last, cost, occur, lack, fit, mean, join, equal, fail, enter, have, contain, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, consist of, lose heart, keep up with等。 二 被动语态和系表结构的区别：

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1. 被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态； The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态) The cup is broken. (系表结构)

2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者只有一般现在时和过去时； My bike is being/will be/was repaired. He is/was interested in his work.

3. 被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者； The dress was made by my mother. 注：系动词一般没有被动语态

实战演练

用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式

1. 1)---Remember the first time we ____________________ (meet)?

---Of course. You _____________________ (study) in Beijing University then. 2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _________________________ (study) English for a year.

2. 1) The government __________________ (build) two factories in this region since the end of

last year.

2) The government ____________________(build) two factories in this region by the end of

this year.

3. 1) It ___________ (be) ten years since we left school. 2) It ____________ (be) two years before we leave school.

4. They _______________________ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ____________________ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.

5. The pen I ____________ (think) I _____________ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose. 6. If their marketing plans succeed, they _______________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. 7. She said that it ___________ (be) the second time she _______________ (see) the film.

8. I don’t really work here. I _________________ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives. 9. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 _____________ (take) off at 18:40.. 10. ---How are you today? ---Oh, _________________ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time. 11. 1) My good friend _______________ (come ) from Guangdong.(是广东人)

2) My good friend _______________ (come ) from Guangdong last week.(从广东来) 12. 1) Where _____________ (be) you? (你在哪儿)

2) Where ____________ you ____________? (be) (你去了哪) 3) Where _____________ he ____________ (go)? (他去哪了)

13. 1) Mr. John ______________ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了) 2) Mr. John ______________ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国) 14. 1) I _____________________ (read) that book. (读过那本书了) 2) I _____________________ (read) that book all the morning.（一直在读那本书） 15. 1) When I got there, he __________________ the work (做完那工作了) 2) When I got there, he __________________ the work carefully (在认真地做工作) 3) When I got there, he __________________ the work (才要做工作)

16. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help

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an event develop often ___________ (result) in the contrary to our intention.

17. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ________ (place) under

the Minister’s car.

18. The house belongs to my aunt but she ________ (not live ) here any more. 19. The machine ________ (not work ) . it hasn’t worked for years.

20. He _______ (play) football regularly for many years when he was young.

21. Teenagers _______ (damage) their health because they play computer games too much. 22. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ________ (stay) in many worse hotels.

23. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ (know) each other for

years.

24. I like these English songs and they _______ (teach) many times on the radio. 25. The telephone _______ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. 26. This time tomorrow, I _______ (lie) on the beach.

27.I am sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. He ________(prepare) for it for months. 28. I haven’t moved into the new house. It _______ (paint) .

29. As the years passed, many occasions---birthdays, awards, graduations _______________ (mark)

with Dad’s flowers.

30. Customers are asked to make sure that they __________________(give) the right change before

leaving the shop.

31. Great changes _________________ (take place) in the city, and a lot of factories ________________ (set up).

32. The police found that the house ____________________ (break into) and a lot of things ____________ (steal).

33. The discussion _______________ (come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.

34. The headteacher says that all the preparations for the party __________________________ (complete) by Friday.

35. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ________________ (expect) to arrive.

36. The careless driver is ______________ (blame) for the traffic accident that ____________ (happen) yesterday.

37. Flowers usually _______________ (sell) well on Valentine’s Day, so their flowers ______________ (sell) in no time that day.

38. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _______________ (tell) the cloth _______________ (wash) well.

39. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) ___________________ (say) to have bought birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. 40. ---Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?

---Yes, I have. I guess it ______________________ (grade) now.

41. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ________________________ (discover) in science and technology.

42. The work needs _________________ (complete) by 6 p.m.

43. The number of deaths from heart disease __________________ (reduce) greatly if people are persuaded to eat more vegetables.

44. Do you have any problems if you ______ (offer) this job? 45. I _____ (run) downstairs when I slipped and _____ (fall).

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