城市污泥特征及其重金属生物可利用性研究

河南科技大学毕业设计（论文）

铅在工业污染区土壤中的迁移机理研究

摘 要

随着冶炼业的迅速发展，造成了工业区周边地区土壤的重金属污染，导

致土壤环境质量下降。本论文主要对洛阳市工业污染区的土壤中的重金属含量进行研究，以期阐明铅在土壤中的迁移规律，为土壤重金属污染的预防提供理论依据。

土壤中的K、Ca、Na、Mg四种元素的含量均偏低，铅的含量部分超标，可能会对周围环境造成一定影响。电解铝厂周围土壤铅污染程度最为严重。其中，位于生产区土壤中的铅含量的最高值与最低值分别为273mg/kg和204mg/kg。对电解铝厂污染区土壤中重金属元素进行测定，结果表明从生产区到居民区铅含量降低了16.1%，从生产区到荒地铅含量则降低了23.8%。铅主要蓄积在土壤的表层土中。对炼铁厂污染区0~60cm深度的土壤进行测定，结果表明铅含量的最高值与最低值分别为239mg/kg和174mg/kg，其含量相对降低了27.2%；从表层土到0~20cm范围的土壤，铅含量降低了14.6%；从0~20cm到20~40cm，铅含量降低了7.4%；从20~40cm到40~60cm，铅含量降低了7.9%。由此可见，在0~20cm的范围内，铅在土壤剖面中有明显的纵向迁移趋势。在20~60cm的范围内，虽然也有一定的迁移，但迁移效果不显著。铅的纵向迁移主要是由于农业活动或者是降水淋溶作用引起的，但是也与土壤的pH密切相关。适当的pH可增加铅在土壤溶液中的溶解度。此外，铅的迁移也与土壤中的有机质有关。

关键词:土壤，铅，污染，重金属，迁移

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河南科技大学毕业设计（论文）

STUDY ON THE MIGRATION MECHANISM

OF LEAD IN THE SOIL OF THE INDUSTRY POLLUTION AREA

ABSTRACT

As the rapid development of smelting industry, the heavy metal pollution has been a serious problem for surrounding areas of the industry and leads to poor soil environmental quality. The main content of this article is the study on heavy metal content in the soil, which is from the industry pollution areas in Luoyang City. By studying the migration of lead in the soil can we provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of heavy metal pollution in the soil.

K, Ca, Na, Mg, the content of the four elements in the soil is low, and part of the lead content is excessive, which may cause some impact to the environment. The degree of lead contamination in the soil surrounding electrolytic aluminum plant is the most serious. The highest and lowest values of the lead content in the soil of the production areas are 273mg/kg and 204mg/kg. Heavy metal elements in contaminated soil of electrolytic aluminum plant were measured. The results show that the lead content is reduced by 16.1% from the production area to the residential areas, and 23.8% from production areas to the wasteland. Lead mainly accumulates in the surface soil. The depth of 0~60 cm in the contaminated area of the ironworks were measured. The results show that the highest and lowest values of the lead content are 239mg/kg and 174mg/kg, whose content is relatively reduced by 27.2%; The lead content is reduced by 14.6% from the surface soil to the range of 0~20 cm; and 7.4% from the range of 0~20 cm to the range of 20~40 cm; and then 7.9% from the range of 20~40 cm to the range of 40~60 cm. These results suggest that the

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河南科技大学毕业设计（论文）

content of lead in the soil profile has obvious vertical migration trends in the range of 0~20 cm. It also shows that there is some migration the effect of which is not obvious in the range of 40~60 cm. Vertical migration of lead is mainly caused by agricultural activities or precipitation leaching, but it also closely relates to the pH of the soil. The proper pH can increase the solubility of lead in the soil solution. In addition, the migration of lead is also related to the organic matter in the soil.

KEY WORDS: soil, lead, pollution, heavy metal, migration

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河南科技大学毕业设计（论文）

目 录

前 言 ............................................................................................................ 1 第1章 文献综述 ........................................................................................ 2 §1.1 研究意义.............................................................................................. 2 §1.2 国内外同类研究的概况...................................................................... 3 §1.3 主要研究内容及方法.......................................................................... 4 §1.4 铅在环境中的分布和特点.................................................................. 4

§1.4.1 铅的地球化学性质 .................................................................... 4 §1.4.2 铅的用途 .................................................................................... 5 §1.4.3 土壤中铅污染物的来源 ............................................................ 5 §1.5 土壤的性质.......................................................................................... 6

§1.5.1 土壤的物理化学性质 ................................................................ 6 §1.5.2 土壤系统的自净功能 ................................................................ 7 §1.6 铅对生物的影响.................................................................................. 7

§1.6.1 铅对土壤微生物的影响 ............................................................ 7 §1.6.2 铅对作物生态的影响 ................................................................ 8 §1.6.3 铅对人体健康的影响 ................................................................ 8 第2章 材料和方法 .................................................................................. 10 §2.1 试验主要仪器.................................................................................... 10 §2.2 试验主要试剂.................................................................................... 10 §2.3 试验材料的采集................................................................................ 11 §2.4 原材料的预处理................................................................................ 11 §2.5 土壤消解............................................................................................ 11 §2.6 重金属的测定方法............................................................................ 12

§2.6.1 铅的测定 .................................................................................. 12 §2.6.2 钾的测定 .................................................................................. 13 §2.6.3 钠的测定 .................................................................................. 14 §2.6.4 钙的测定 .................................................................................. 15

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