句子成分分析

句子成分分析

一．什么是句子？

句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！

I am a teacher. Are you a student?

How beautiful the girl is ! 二．句子包括哪些成分？

英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型. （一）、主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首 ? The sun rises in the east. （名词） ? He likes dancing. （代词）

? Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) ? Seeing is believing. （动名词） ? To see is to believe. （不定式） ? What he needs is a book.（主语从句）

? It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

It=that the elephant is round and tall like a tree ? The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词

V.不能做主语！

主语小测

? 找出下面句子的主语

? 1. Our school is not far from my home. ? 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. ? 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time. 单选：

? 1.Mary with her two daughters _____ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month.

? A. are B. was C. is D. were ? 2.____ more exercise does good to your health. ? A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing

? 3.____ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. ? A. That B. This C. It D. They （二）、谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 ? I love you!

? They went to sleep very late last night. ? He practises running every morning. ? The plane took off at 10 o’clock. ? How often do you go shopping?

? Why didn’t you come back last night?

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简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成

? Open the door, please!

? Go and get some water for me. ? Don’t laugh at others!

? Don’t come back late tonight. ? 祈使句：

? 1.省略主语you ? 2.谓语动词用原形 找出下列句子的谓语 ? ① I don't like the picture on the wall. ? ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. ? ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? ? ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? ? ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. ? ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. ? ⑨ He is interested in music. ? ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? 主谓小测

? 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓） ? 2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓）

? 3. Don’t get nervous，and help yourself to what you like． （主谓）

? 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主谓） ? 5. There are many people in the hall.（主）

? 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主谓） 单项选择

? 1.It is difficult for me ______ so much work within one night. Can you help me?

? A. finish B. finishing ? C. to finish D. finished

? 2.John with two of his friends ____ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. ? A. go B. went C. goes D.gone ? 3.__ up early, or you will miss the early bus. ? A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets ? 4.________ up early is good for your health. ? A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets

? 5.Wow! The cake tastes _______! Can I have one more? ? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good （三）、宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。 ? I like China. ? He hates you.

? How many do you need? We need two ? We should help the old and the poor. ? I enjoy working with you ? I hope to see you again.

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Did you write down what he said?

He is afraid of her--his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介词后面的宾语：介宾 注意：人称代词要用宾格 I decided to go with _______.

A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：

双宾

? I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday. 找出下列句子的宾语 ① My brother hasn’t done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your job. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?

5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 7.They made him monitor of the class.

8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. 9.They think it impossible to get to the station in such a short time.

（四）表语：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy.

Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.

除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，

1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2) 表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go 3)表延续的动词： remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等

（五）、宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还

必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． If you let me go, I’ll make you king. Leave the door open.

We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home.

The boss keeps them working all day.

? 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? （六）、状语

? 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度． He did it carefully.

In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. （七）、定语

定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不

定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语． ? The black bike is mine.

? What’s your name? A broken vase. ? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. ? They made paper flowers. ? The boy in the room is Jack. ? I have something to do. ? It is a swimming pool.

二、英语句子的种类

简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence) 复合句 (complex sentence)

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。 掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）

二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）

四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）

主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及

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