牛津译林版高中英语必修2Unit 3Amazing PeopleGrammar and Usage教案5译林版必修2

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Unit 3 Amazing people ● Grammar and Usage Here we will learn to recognize situations where the past perfect tense is used and the time expressions used together with the tense. We will also see how the tense is formed. You will read two stories and complete them using the correct verb forms. Pay attention to the differences between the past perfect tense and the simple past tense. Step 1: Past perfect tense Past perfect tense is used to indicate that one action occurred before another action in the past. In other words, past perfect tense indicates the first of the two actions. Form of Past Perfect [had] + [past participle] Examples: I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S. They had never met an American until they met John. The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used.The past perfect tense shows us 过去的过去pastpresent 探索尚未知道的东西 The past perfect tense used in reported speechPastThey emptied the tomb of everything it containedCarter said that they had emptied the tombPresent“We emptiedthe tomb of everything it contained,”said Carter. Carter saidthat they had emptiedthe tomb of everything it containedused with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and alreadyThen a few months after Carter had openedthe tomb, Lord Carnarvonfellill with a fever and died.PastPresentCarter opened King Tutankhamun’stombLord Carnarvondied 探索尚未知道的东西

The use of the past perfect tense simply indicates that an action comes before another past action.I had donemy homework this morning before I wentto the museum.happen before Note: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Perfect (had met), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (had never met). USE 1

Completed Action Before Something in Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Examples: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992? Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988. 探索尚未知道的东西

USE 2

Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-continuous Verbs)

With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Unlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.

EXAMPLE:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when before or after is used in the sentence. The words before and after actually tell you what happens first so the Past Perfect is optional. Both sentences below are correct. EXAMPLE:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.