外研版初中英语初三总复习中考冲刺四：阅读理解技巧(基础讲解)

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中考冲刺四：阅读理解技巧

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【真题再现】 阅读理解 (2014 漳州)

Most students have biology classes in the classrooms or the labs in China. But several days ago，I had a biology class outside in my American school.

My biology teacher, Mr. Kwak, divided us into three groups and asked us to play a game about natural selection(选择) and how birds find food.

He gave the first group one spoon per person. The second group forks and my group \thought we were going hunting, so knives might work better. Surprisingly, he told us to pick up the beans on the grass with our tools.

When the game started all of us ran to the grass area. We squatted(蹲) down and looked for beans. It was hard to pick up something that small, especially from the grass.

When I almost lifted a bean, it dropped back to the ground. When I finally picked up several beans, one of my friends ran into me. I couldn’t keep my balance and fell over. All my beans dropped to the ground! Just at that moment，Mr. Kwak called us back. I had to leave the game and of course I got a bad result. I couldn’t help thinking that if I were a bird living on Galapagos Island，I would be dead soon.

The fun game made me realize that natural selection is really competitive(竞争的). Everyone is trying his or her best to — survive.

1. What did the writer’s group use to pick up the beans?

A. Spoons. B. Forks. C. Knives. D. Hands. 2. How many beans did the writer get at last?

A. None. B. One. C. Several. D. Many. 3. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The writer did a good job in the biology class.

B. The writer had a biology class outside their schoo1.

C. The writer found that picking up the beans from the grass was hard. D. The writer didn’t find enough food for the birds on Galapagos Island. 4. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “survive’’ in the last paragraph? A. Find food. B. Remain alive. C. Be lovely. D. Keep balanced. 5. What was the aim of Mr. Kwak’s class?

A. To play an interesting game. B. To pick up the beans. C. To know different kinds of birds. D. To learn natural selection. (2015 哈尔滨)

根据短文内容判断正误。(注意：正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”)

Long ago, there was a queen who lived in a palace．She felt bored and said to her advisor(顾问)，“All the things around me are too boring．I need a different kind of beauty．Let everyone know that I will hold a competition for the most beautiful thing in the world．And the prize will be this crown (王冠).”

Several days later, lots of people came to the competition and showed their things．The queen was not satisfied with what she saw．The advisor suggested，“What you are looking for cannot be brought to you．You must look for it by yourself．What about a journey?”

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The queen was interested in the idea, so she started immediately．As she was on top of the hill near her palace, she looked down and suddenly something cried in her heart．“Why have I never found my palace so beautiful?”

The queen spent one year travelling．She saw beauty on the farm, in the forest and even in the stars twinkling(闪烁) at night on her journey．But what was the most beautiful thing? She thought it over．Suddenly，she understood beauty was everywhere．She should learn to enjoy the world．She left the pieces of her crown at different places that she had seen．As time went by, the queen’s crown got smaller and smaller until nothing was left.

She found the most beautiful thing at last．It was the world!

1．The queen wanted to hold a competition for the most beautiful thing in the world.

2．Lots of people came to the competition and brought the things that made the queen satisfied. 3．On top of the hill near her palace, the queen suddenly found her palace so beautiful. 4．The queen saw beauty on the farm, in the river and even in the night sky on her journey. 5．The passage tells us that beauty is everywhere if we learn to enjoy the world. 【答案与解析】 (2014 漳州)

1. C。本题意思是：作者一组用什么捡豆子？由第三段的第二句话The second group forks and my group “knives”. 可知答案选C。

2. A。由倒数第二段的第三句话I couldn’t keep my balance and fell over. All my beans dropped to the ground! 我不能保持平衡，摔倒了。所有的豆子都掉到了地上！可知答案选A。作者这一组最后一个豆子也没有得到。

3. C。由第四段的最后一句话It was hard to pick up something that small，especially from the grass.可知答案选C，从草丛中捡起小豆子真实太难了。

4. B。由最后一段可知， 游戏的乐趣，使我认识到，自然选择是真正的竞争。每个人都尽力让自己最好的生存。A. Find food.“找到食物”，B. Remain alive.“保持活着（的状态）”；C. Be lovely. “可爱”，D. Keep balanced. “保持平衡”，故答案选B。

5. D。由文中最后一段的倒数第二句话The fun game made me realize that natural selection is really competitive(竞争的)，可知Kwak先生这堂课的目的是：学习自然选择。所以答案选D。 (2015 哈尔滨)

1. A。由第一段第四句“Let everyone know that I will hold a competition for the most beautiful thing in the world.”可知，女王想举办一场寻找世界上最美丽的东西的比赛。该题干表述正确。故写A。

2. B。由第二段第二句“The queen was not satisfied with what she saw.”可知，女王对人们带来的东西不满意。故该题干的表述“很多人来参加比赛，带来了让女王满意的东西”是错误的。故写B。

3. A。由第三段第三句“‘Why have I never found my palace so beautiful?’”可知，当女王站在宫殿附近的山顶时，她突然发现她的宫殿是如此漂亮。该题干表述正确。故写A。

4. B。由第四段第二句“She saw beauty on the farm，in the forest...”可知，女王从农场、森林和夜晚闪烁的星星中看到了美。因此，该题干的表述“女王从农场、江河和夜空中看到了美”错误。故写B。

5. A。通读全文可知，如果我们学会欣赏世界，美无处不在。该题干表述正确。故写A。 考试要求

1. 考查学生理解短文的主旨和主题要义能力；

2. 理解短文具体信息（包括图文转换的信息）的能力；

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3. 根据短文上下情景猜测单词的能力； 4. 根据短文的内容判断和推理能力； 5. 理解作者的意图和态度的能力。

纵观全国各地中考试卷，中考阅读理解考试题的比例在整个试卷占了很大的比例，阅读理解的成绩直接决定学生能否在中考中取得优秀成绩。中考阅读短文的题材除了选一些通俗易懂的文学作品和故事体裁的小短文，还经常选用一些富有时代鲜明特征、实用性比较强的语言材料。例如：报刊杂志的文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广告和各种各类图表。选择这些材料不仅能够提高测试的真实性，还能展示目标语言在现实生活中的真实运用来激发学生学习英语的兴趣。 1. 阅读理解的题型：

近几年中考试卷的阅读理解测试题主要有选择型测试题、判断正误型测试题和任务型测试题三种形式。根据阅读理解的题干部分可以分为以下几种测试题型： （1）理解主旨大意题：

考查学生对于文章的中心思想或全文梗概的领会、理解和概括能力。我们可以通过“略读－skimming”来获取文章或者段落的主题和主旨大意。在略读时要注意寻找主题句（topic sentence）以帮助理解文章的主题和了解文章的大意。有一些同学可能认为没有仔细阅读文章的细节而感觉不太放心，其实没有必要担心，因为我们了解的文章的大意以后，然后对文章做仔细阅读，比较难的短文理解起来就容易多了。

略读时应该注意：主题句一般是短文第一个句子或者最后一个句子，偶尔位于段落的中间；每一段的主题句一般也是在每段的第一、二个句子或者最后一个句子。其次作者提供其写作意图，如：提供信息、描述人物、事物或者事件、讨论问题、说服某人、提出建议或者对两种观点或者事件进行比较。而其他的句子是对主题句的进一步发展及说明性的例子，有时是为主题句提供时间、地点或者原因等背景。 主旨大意题常见的设问方式如下： 1) What’s the main idea of this passage? 2) What does the passage mainly tell us? 3) The writer means to tell us that ______.

4) From the passage, we can learn/ conclude ______. 5) What’s the best title for the passage? （2）具体细节理解题:

考查对事实或者细节的理解和辨别，即考查短文中直接或间接提到的具体信息的细节及线索。对于这种阅读理解题，需要仔细比较所给的四个选项，找出语言表达差别的关键词来重点思考。做这种考试题我们一般用“扫读Scanning”来从短文中寻找答案。 扫读是有目的地在短文中为寻找某一个具体的信息或者细节而进行的搜索性阅读。特别是寻找人名、地名、时间或者某一个关键词。找到这个关键词时要进行局部地细心地阅读，以保证所寻找的答案在此处。为了保证扫读的有效性，在扫读之前必须认真审题，因为审题的过程就是明确阅读目的的过程。一般来说，这种阅读理解测试题的答案是比较好找的。只要同学们仔细阅读，认真比较，把握准确的信息，是容易找到准确答案的。

（3） 根据上下文猜测词义题：

这种阅读理解测试题是对短文中某一个句子中的某一个超纲的单词或者短语画线，让考生猜 其汉语意思或者英语解释意义。短文中出现的超纲词或者短语要求学生在读懂短文的内容， 理解短文的大概意思的基础上并且根据短文上下文的意思和情景进行猜测和推断。一般来说这 些词汇是比较难或者是同学们没有学过的。如果同学们的词汇量比较大，那么解决这种阅读理 解测试题就有很大的优势。但是如果能够理解短文的内容和意思，通过上下句子和情景进行合 理的猜测，其正确率还是比较高的。

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猜测单词的一些方法：

1）首先要保持冷静，迅速判断。如果是对上下文理解影响不大的词，就不要停留，继续读下去。如果是影响理解的词，尤其是划线的词，就要运用猜测单词的技巧来猜测单词的意思。

2）如果是but连接前后两个句子，那么其意思是表示转折，后面句子的画线单词表示的意思可能和前面的句子的意思是相反的。

3）如果是and连接前后两个句子，那么后面句子的画线单词的意思可能和前面句子的意思一致。 4）注意下文，有时后面的句子或在下文中可能解释这个单词的意义。 5）有时即使猜测不出来单词的具体意思也不要紧，只需要了解这个单词是表示积极的还是消极的意思。通过辨认这个单词的位置来确定它是动词、形容词还是副词，然后从选项中选择。 实例说明：

The Sydney Opera House is a very famous building in the world. It has become Sydney's best-known landmark and international symbol. The Opera House with a “sailing roof” was designed by a famous Danish architect(丹麦建筑师), Utzon. The base for the building was started in 1959, years before the designs were finished. Utzon spent four years designing the Opera House. In 1962, the designs were finalized(定稿) and the construction began. In 1967, they started the decoration inside. It took 14 years in total to build the Opera House. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened it on October 20th, 1973.

The Sydney Opera House cost around ＄100 million and was paid for by the public. 6,225 square meters of glass was used to build it. The Opera House includes 1,000 rooms. It is 185 meters long and 120 meters wide. The building’s roof sections weigh about 15 tons. Each year, this fantastic building attracts 200,000 tourists to come for a visit or enjoy events in it.

The Opera House reaches out into the harbour(港湾). It is amazing and unforgettable, offering people a strong sense of beauty.

1. The designer of the Sydney Opera House was from_________. A. America B. Australia C. England D. Denmark 2. Building the Sydney Opera House lasted__________. A. from 1959 to 1973 B. from 1962 to 1973 C. from 1959 to 1967 D. from 1962 to 1967

3. The underlined word \ means__________ in Chinese. A. 创立 B.设计 C. 施工 D. 竣工

4. __________ paid for the cost of the building of the Sydney Opera House. A. Utzon B. The public

C. Queen Elizabeth II D. The government 5. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Sailing Roof B. Travelling in Sydney

C. The Sydney Opera House D. The Opening of the Opera House 【解析】

1．D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Opera House with a ‘sailing roof’ was designed by a famous Danish architect(丹麦建筑师), Utzon”可知，悉尼歌剧院是一个丹麦的建筑师设计的。所以，悉尼歌剧院的设计得来自丹麦。故选D。

2．A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The base for the building was started in 1959”以及“It took 14 years in total to build the Opera House…October 20th, 1973.”可知，悉尼歌剧院的建设从1959年持续到1973年。故选A。

3．C。词义猜测题。根据上文可知，设计已经定稿，因此下一步必然是施工，由此“construction”

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