新视角研究生英语读说写2 - 答案详解

详解Unit 1 Part A 1. His heart attack was _triggered_ by the physical and emotional pressures suffered under interrogation.

2. We are all under the illusion that the country is doing well _economically _, but in fact it is in serious difficulty. 3. He couldn’t join the police because he was below the _minimum_ height allowed by the rule. 4.

We hope to see stronger _commitment_ from the world community for international working together in the fight to protect our common natural surroundings 5. The professor felt grateful and _relieved_ that the debate hadn’t degenerated into something absurd and degrading 6. Tiger populations have stopped _shrinking_, and working to protect them is now a way of life in nations where they roam.

7.

Our efforts result in a great rise in _enrollments_ in our universities, coupled with a radical shift in higher education from the private to the public sector 8. It was such a funny and wonderful show; I could _scarcely_ keep from laughing with delight.

9.

Details are often organized according to time _sequence _ or from one place to another. These are two very important means of descriptive writing.

10. Many how-to books advise you to _stride_ into a room and impress others with your qualities. Part B 1.

Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often be

able to predict the general direction the author is going to. A. anticipate

B. expect

C. capture

D. nurture

2.

In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives

play vital roles in raising children.

A. intolerable B. impassioned C. intellectual D. indispensable 3.

Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice with cereal (谷类食品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed. A. intensify

B. enhance C. strengthen

D. reinforce

4.

Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted his

application instantly, but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been turned down. A. ultimately

B. hesitantly

C. promptly

D. attentively

5. The rule for the competition is somewhat vague. I can’t get it and I require an explanation. A. distinct B. obscure C. clumsy

D. imaginary

6. The diseases thrive in conditions where freshwater is insufficient and sanitation is poor. A. scarce

B. plentiful C. fruitful

D. inexhaustible

7.

After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recovery

has fallen dramatically, according to a post-election survey. A. gradually

B. frequently

C. surprisingly

D. analytically

8. The tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford and

Cambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures.

A. compelled B. insulated C. memorized D. challenged

9. They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rules.

A. skim

B. clarify C. discard

D. insulate

10. They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit cards, deficient checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers’ personal information. A. sufficient B. overdue C. naive D. inadequate

Translation 1. The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student. 2.

The present educational system has been under attack from the public, who have begun to realize the harm the system has done to students. 3. The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory. 4. I’d love to go to your housewarming party, but I’m sorry I can’t make it because I’ve got a stack of things to do.

5.

Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses. 6. She didn’t like the famous writer’s lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writer’s autograph after the lecture.

7.

I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior. 8.

We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students’ naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought. 9.

I don’t agree with those critics’ opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless; they make a good deal of sense to me. 10. For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first

class about the objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course. 英译汉 1.

听讲课存在的一个问题是：会听是很难的事。阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。 2.

有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。人们可以以每分钟400-600个字的速度听，而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3。讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。 3.

很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。 4.

讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。一是因为讲课似乎从经

济上是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。但是，讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端——在大学的第一和第二年，那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。 5.

如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制度小得多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助，而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。毕竟，学生在能够从听讲课中学到知识之前必须先要学会去听。 Unit 2 Part A

1. The crown is made out of quality gold, and studded with pearls and precious stones. 2. With the summer break looming once again, parents everywhere begin to question how they are going to keep

their children out of mischief for the next two months!

3. The three years’ study widened my knowledge about business science. My interest towards business management was evoked and strongly enhanced

4. We will never again allow ourselves to live under tyranny and without dignity.

5.

The book tells the story of a sensitive young boy who

leaves behind a humdrum life on his father’s farm to fulfill his dream

of becoming a star of the skates. 6.

When the spring is yet to fade away, the shining greenness brings

us a prelude to the summer. 7.

Being frugal is a way of life that we all need to aspire. Wise people share tips and hints to become a bit more conscious about their spending. 8. As people become frail , access to food becomes a problem at all levels, from obtaining the food, to preparing it, to eating it.

9. The rescue team will continue to assist the residents in the flood-struck area, providing the shelter and support necessary to endure the treacherous weather. 10. Local forays , scheduled from September to May, are

half-day and full-day field trips led by experienced members of the club.

Part B

1. Mobile gossip restores our sense of connection and

community, and provides an __________ to the pressures

and alienation of modern life. A. anchor B. antidote

C. amenity

D. apathy

2.

His farm contains 120 acres of valuable land, good buildings,

and an orchard of 300 trees, of a __________ variety of fruits. A. well-attended B. well-defined C. well-assorted D. well-grounded 3.

Public __________ refers to the body of creative works that

is not protected by intellectual property laws such as copyright,

trademark or patent laws. The public owns these works, not an

individual author or artist.

A. agenda B. community

C. domain D. security

4. The most __________ memory for her was the day she went back to the town, only to find that the school and

the

beautiful grounds she remembered had all vanished.

A. poignant B. contrapuntal C. miniature

D. disordered

5. I wish I could share with you some better news, but somehow I am caught within a __________ of

troubles at

present.

A. bunch B. batch

C. thicket D. tangle

6. We travel together, __________ together, and eat together. Six whole days gives us a chance to

accomplish something real. A. bunk

B. bump

C. buzz

D. boom

7.

This row of shops previously stood here in this street,

but

they were __________ in the 1970s and then re- erected in the 1980s. A. striped B. engraved

C. dismantled

D. shingled

8.

Thanks to a new __________ that records and

replicates

the world’s odors, people stopping to smell the roses can now take that sweet floral fragrance home with them or even send it to a

faraway friend.

A. prelude B. gadget C. sting D. foray 9.

In his forty-six short years, he had been fighting

against

destiny to achieve some __________ of

independence, only to

face a lifetime of misfortunes.

A. semblance B. renovation C. slenderness D. frugality

10. Living in a neighborhood with such naughty kids, one should always keep an eye out for __________. A. tyranny

B. snapshot

C. desperado D. mischief

Translation

1.

Every nook and corner of the region would be provided with electricity in five years. This was the pledge that the minister of electricity had taken two years ago. 2. In order to do field work at different places, he moved four times last year, though each time he did it with an ill grace. 3.

Before leaving this disordered, drug-ridden small town, he gathered together in one place all his valuable possessions and introduced some semblance of order among them. 4.

Her family was poor when she was a child. The things that mattered a great deal to her were very few. Therefore, every toy she had played with could evoke a rush of memories. 5.

For an hour, policemen threaded their way through the crowded buildings, looking for an elusive gunman who had shot five people. 6.

For many people, traveling or staying away from home for some time is an effective antidote to the humdrum activities of everyday life.

7. Women today enjoy a freer, more independent position than ever before, and are accordingly less and less willing to submit to the tyranny of their husbands.

8. Angina pectoris is often a prelude to a heart attack and requires special treatment, primarily with drugs.

9.

We decide to hollow out the great logs so that more men could sit inside them and ride in them down the river.

10. The fire destroyed everything in the palace. Nothing of the

magnificent furniture, studded with gold and silver, has survived. 英译汉 1. 我们大多数人都把自己同自己的出生地或我们称之为家的地方紧密相联。不能回家以获得安全感是令人痛苦的。 2. 别的学生一开始很兴奋，几周后却发现自己开始想念所熟知的事物，并希望见到朋友和家人。

3. 当我们搬迁到新的环境，需要以不同方式与不同的人交往以满足自己的需要的时候, 我们每个人都会有想家的感觉。 4.

有时, 如果这个人开始对爱的需要不能得到满足，想融入新群体的愿望又不能实现, 那么想家就可能会导致更严重的忧郁症。 5.

有时, 如果这个人开始对爱的需要不能得到满足，想融入新群体的愿望又不能实现, 那么想家就可能会导致更严重的忧郁症。 Unit 3 Part A 1. The passenger pigeon was a prime example of a species that was made extinct by overhunting. 2. Climate, soil, water, and air are nonliving components of an ecosystem.

3.

As a language, English is derived from the Anglo-Saxon, a West Germanic variety, although its current vocabulary includes words from many languages. 4. Stopping the loss of biodiversity and limiting climate change are the two most important challenges facing our planet.

5.

A recent report claims that Microsoft products, with their market dominance, are creating a computing monoculture that’s dangerously susceptible to worms and other attacks. 6.

The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was reported to have killed more than 225,000 people, and with uncounted others missing or losing their homes. 7. With the invention of blogs, the number of websites that would be interesting to follow each day has multiplied several times over. 8.

The movie Two Brothers tells the story that two tigers are separated as cubs and taken intocaptivity only to be reunited years later as enemies 9.

In 2000 and again in 2002, the US congress considered legislation to limit violent content and more tightly regulate the video games industry in America.

10. These conservation projects and educational activities have

contributed to wildlife habitat improvement, watershed protection, and forest health. Part B 1.

The environmental changes might have caused the disappearance of many species by eliminating food sources, or exposing animals to climatic conditions to which they were not adapted. A. extinction B. distinction C. punctuation D. destruction

2.

The study showed that increasing amounts of bird flu virus

were contaminating the birds’ surroundings without the farmers’ realizing of it. A. conditions B. climates C. habitats

D. ecosystems

3.

While recently becoming the tenth most crowded city in the

USA, San Jose has also held the title of The Safest Big City in America for the past several years. A. diverse

B. popular C. disappointing D. populous

4.

An internal inquiry has begun into whether soccer players

received improper housing benefits under the former coaches. A. examination B. investigation C. invasion D. invitation 5.

It’s our job to prepare bright, ambitious young people for the opportunities offered by what will continue to be the main sectors for the 21st century. A. principle

B. extinguished C. global D. keystone

6.

The teenager who made a dramatic escape after eight years of

confinement in a windowless cell has agreed to a televised interview this week. A. captivity B. prevention C. preservation D. limitation

7. The little group so imperfectly known to us is counterbalanced by multitudes of species, of which there are numberless varieties. A. uncommon B. prime C. uncounted D. rare

8.

The protection of tropical rainforests as public good will require cooperation between all countries in the world. A. institution B. conservation C. precaution D. construction

9. Taken before or while drinking, many medications will increase the effects of alcohol on your body.

A. expand B. multiply C. enlarge D. extend

10. The Chicago History Museum has one of America’s largest collections of architectural working drawings, as well as manuscript materials, photographs, architectural models, and building fragments. A. components B. substances C. monocultures D. debris Translation 1. The threat to humanity and the planet posed by biodiversity loss is as great as the dangers presented by climate change. 2.

We are always happy to hear from young readers expressing concern for animals in captivity and asking what they can do to help. 3.

The two most popular theories both say that dinosaurs died out because of changes in the earth’s atmosphere and

temperature. 4. The forest fire was finally brought under control by the fire-fighting crews at a cost of nearly half a million dollars. 5. Plant roots can hold the soil in position and prevent it from being washed away by the rain water.

6. Healthy ecosystems are characterized by sustainable turnovers of energy, nutrients, organic matter and water.

7. In a new report by the WWF, scientists have warned that global warming could kill off polar bears within the next 20 years. 8.

Plowed fields don’t have any protection against running water, and often the valuable topsoil is carried away during heavy rains or floods. 9.

The garden was considerably quieter than it had been the previous two days, but there were still a good variety of birds around.

10. While estimates differ, it is generally believed that around

30%–40% of the active ingredients used in modern medicines are derived from, or related to, plants. 英译汉 1.

理由之一是, 每个物种在它所处的由所有动植物和无生命的气候、土壤、水和空气等组成的生态系统中都占有一个特殊的地位。 2.

理由之一是, 每个物种在它所处的由所有动植物和无生命的气候、土壤、水和空气等组成的生态系统中都占有一个特殊的地位。 3.

无论是活树还是枯树都可以为动物和鸟提供栖息地，为昆虫提供食物。枯树腐烂以后还可以肥沃森林的土壤，得以使其它植物从原处拔地而出。 4.

这样的大树就是我们所说的主要物种; 如果它们从生态系统中消失,其后果会遍及所有居住在森林的其它物种。哈佛大学的生物学家爱德华·威尔逊说：“一个主要物种的消失就像钻头意外地钻断电线，导致四处断电。” 5.

在当前第六次“大灭绝”时期, 每小时平均有三个物种灭绝，也就是每天有74 个物种灭绝, 每年合计达27,000 个。其中有些物种——虽然我们不确定是哪些——毫无疑问是主要物种。 Unit 4

Vocabulary Part A 1.

The Our company is one of the leading manufacturers of commercial and institutional kitchen equipment, such as ovens, freezers, refrigerators, blenders, etc. 2.

An annual increase of 1.3% in food production is necessary at the present time to feed the burgeoning human population, assuming present diets remain invariant. 3. You can envision the joy of your beloved ones when they receive the DVD shows made by your own hands as a special gift. 4.

This book depicts the cultural history of race and the complicated relationship between marginal and mainstream culture in early twentieth-century America.

5. These sorts of jobs are available between late May and late August and often encompass a wide range of work. 6. There is currently a trend for companies to outsource much of their IT to third-parties, in some cases to overseas third-parties. 7.

In ancient China, women would compete to show off their

prowess in needlecraft on Qixi, the most important way of celebrating the festival. 8. Morgan shunned publicity of any kind, and never permitted signs bearing her name at construction sites. 9.

Immigrants need time to overcome difficulties when they are assimilating into new cultures. 10. Electronics chain stores are sometimes willing to forgo profits for a period of time in order to gain market share. Part B 1.

________ leaders are those courageous individuals who

throughout history have refused to accept the status quo. A. Scornful B. Visionary C. Impersonal D. Respectful

2. The thick soap won’t foam properly, so it is necessary and

economical to ________ it with water.

A. pierce

B. dip

C. dilute

D. balance

3.

I’ve been on suspension for over 2 weeks because I stood up to

a rude, ________ boss. A. arrogant B. disloyal C. corporate

D. uncommitted

4. The successful candidates are all creative in solving problems and ________ at learning new technologies and skills.

A. capable B. marginal C. adequate

D. adept

5.

She ________ as she talked about the messy young boys who

had drunk up all her milk and eaten up all her chocolates. A. bristled B. disdained

C. downsized

D. shunned

6.

Not only does he have one of those distinctive radio voices that

sets him apart, he also brings a fun and a slightly ________ attitude to his show. A. irrelevant B. irreverent

C. burgeoning

D. mentoring

7. ________ assets comprise items such as land, buildings, plants, machinery, fixtures and fittings, IT equipment and vehicles.

A. Diverse B. Massive C. Classical D. Tangible

8. These few old-style wooden shops are soon to be demolished. With them will go the last ________ of the town’s original look.

A. prowess

B. moniker

C. vestige

D. portfolio

9.

Our way to stay ahead of the competition is by continually

creating ________ products and services while building new value in existing product lines.

A. unmanageable B. deliverable C. innovative

D. institutional

10. He always smiled and never had a negative comment about anyone or a _________ remark about any situation. A. cynical B. skeptical C. hierarchical

D. prototypical

Translation

1.

Having practiced for about 5 years,he is now adept at legal issues relating to international investment and trade.