2014英美概况习题精选 上海应用技术学院

IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution 2. Darwin B. Lord Protector

3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species 4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre 5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists

Section 6 The British Empire and British Imperialism

What wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?

A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.

From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking. In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China. Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The first British colony was . A. New England B. Newfoundland C. West Indies D. India

2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842. A. Peking B. Nanking C. Tientsin D. Canton 3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ? A. foreign territorial expansion B. export of capital C. free competition D. monopoly 4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ? A. Germany B. France C. Austria-Hungary D. Italy 5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ? A. Britain B. France C. Russia D. Italy 6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?

A. Factories closed B. Banks failed C. Foreign trade shriveled D. Unemployment rate was low 7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ? A. 1939 B. 1940 C. 1941 D.1942

8. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of . A. the slow development of the British economy B. the high inflation C. the high rate of unemployment D. the high rate of taxes

9. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of . A. 1950 B. 1954 C. 1972 D. 1997 II．Translate the following into Chinese

1. the Treaty of Nanking 2. the British Commonwealth of Nations

3. tobacco plantations 4. Opium War 5. BBC 6. carefree lifestyle III．True or False

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1. During the Second World War more than 4.5 million people were sent to fight overseas.

2.Under the leadership of Tony Blair, the Labor Party promised to turn Britain into a socialist state.

3.After the loss of Egypt and the Suez Canal, people no longer regarded Britain as a great power. 4.The Second World War turned Britain into a creditor nation.

5.The British voters deserted Churchill because they wanted to put the war behind them.

Part 2 Political System and Economy of UK Section 1 Parliament and Government

I．What power does the Queen have theoretically? Why is it said she has no real power at all in reality?

The queen has all the power: she is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to all laws; she may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments; she is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the temporal head of the church of England; she also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges, officers of the armed forces, governors, bishops and diplomats. It is the monarch who has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war upon and make peace with other nations.

II. Choose the correct answers.

1. Which of the following is NOT true of British political system?

A. Britain has no codified constitution. B. Britain is a federal state. C. Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.

D. British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.

2. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of________.

A. the Queen B. the Prime Minister C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords 3. The British government ministers are responsible to _____ for the work of their department. A. A. the House of Lords B. Parliament C. the Cabinet D. the Privy Council 4. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of ________.

A. the House of Lords B. the House of Commons C. the Privy Council D. Parliament 5. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden ________.

A. to be voters at elections B. to be candidates for parliament

C. to continue their work when government changes D. to compete with others for a higher rank III. Translate the following into Chinese

1. the House of Lords 2. the House of Commons 3. the Lord Chancellor 4. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office

5. the Home Office 6. Mr. speaker 7. the Cabinet 8. life peers 9.lord temporal

10.constitutional monarchy 11. law lords

12. Buckingham Palace 13. head of the state 14.lords spiritual IV. Matching

___ 1. the crown a. lower-upper class

___ 2. motions b. symbol of supreme executive power ___ 3. monarch c. king or queen

___ 4. gentry d. proposals of legislation

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___ 5.Lord of Chancellor e. the opposition ___ 6. minority party f. important person V. True or False

1. Most proposals for legislation are put forward by the opposition party

2. The British prime minister can select any British citizen for the office of foreign secretary. 3. The British supreme court of appeals is the Upper House

4. The British House of Lords is composed of three types of peers.

5. The queen appoints the leader of the minority party as prime minister. 6. The British queen is free to dissolve Parliament.

7. British Members of Parliament are selected for a term of five years.

Section 2 Party politics and judiciary

1. The Conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since the end of __________.

A. the 19th century B. the end of the First World War C. the Second World War D. 1960s 2. The general election in Britain is held every ___ years. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D.6

3. The party that has the majority of seats in ____ will form the government in Britain. A. the House of Commons B. the House of Lords C. the Privy Council D. the Cabinet II: Key Terms Translation:

1 the Conservative Party 2 the Labour Party 3. major parties 4. general election

5. silence right 6. hung jury 7. circuit judges 8. independent candidate

III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1.constable a. accused

2. summary offence b. state-owned

3. constituency c. freedom of belief

4. defendant d. between the left and the right 5. religious freedom e. soliciting votes 6. magistrate f. senior lawyer 7. nationalized g. electoral district 8. political center h. petty offence 9. barrister i. police officer

10. canvassing j. Justice of the Peace IV. True or False.

1. Political questions are dealt with by law courts in Britain.

2. To protect its national independence, Britain puts its national law above the European Union law.

3. Britain is the first country t institute jury trial.

4. Nearly all the British voters regard their local candidates as independent candidates.

Section 3 Economy and Cities

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I. Key Terms Translation

1. visible trade 2. invisible trade 3. Poets' Corner 4. denationalization 5. value added tax 6. West End 7.government subsidies

II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Adam Smith a. famous car maker 2. Rolls Royce b. mail marketing

3. junk mail c. center of electronic industry 4. Silicon Glen d. privatization

5. denationalization e. center of newspaper industry 6. Fleet Street f. author of the Wealth of Nations Part III. True or False.

1. Britain is fully self-sufficient in food grain.

2. Britain has unfavorable conditions for agricultural development.

3. Today many British shipping firms operate under foreign flags to reduce cost money. 4. British agriculture is labor-intensive.

5. British farms employ more than 10% of the nation's total population.

Part 3 Society and Culture of UK

I. Key Terms Translation

1.stocks and bonds 2. nuclear family

3.afternoon tea 4. independent schools 5. Oxbridge

6. the Middle Ages 7. inheritance taxes

II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. English gentleman A. children‘s duty to parents 2. filial piety B. discoverer of law of motion 3. Issac Newton C. public examinations 4. eleven plus D. public school

5. Eton College E. patterns of behavior and thinking III. True of False

1. According to British tradition, the bond of marriage is stronger than any previous family bonds. 2. In English history a married woman‘s legal existence was suspended during marriage. 3. English people like to drink coffee just as Americans do.

4. Students in English public schools are free to wear the low-waist jeans on the campus. 5. English public schools stress the importance cultivating obedience.

Understanding the United States

Part 1 Geography Section 1 The Land

I. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.

A. northern B. southern C. central D. eastern

2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.

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