第二章 翻译中的语言对比分析Contrastive Analysis

第二章 翻译中的语言对比分析Contrastive

Analysis

形合与意合句的处理策略

★英语的形合句翻译成汉语的意合句

1) As I resumed walking I blurted out, “It’s a lucky thing it happened that way. You wouldn’t have met Mother. ”(R.Zacks: “The Date Father Didn’t Keep”)我们继续往前走，我又冒出一句话：“这样倒是一件幸／好事。不然，你就遇不上你妈妈了。” ★英语的形合句汉语也可以用汉语的形合句来翻译

1)You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party.( J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice)

你带着女儿们去就行了，要不你索性打发她们自己去，这样做或许更好些，因为你的姿色并不亚于她们中的任何一个，（你一去增译），宾利先生到看中你呢！

2) It will be no use to us, if twenty such should come since you will not visit them.( J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice)

既然你不肯去拜访，即使搬来二十个，那对我们又有什么用呢？

2) That altered, frightened, fat face told his secret well enough.( W.M.Thackeray: Vanity Fair)他的胖脸蛋吓得走了样，

他心里的想法全写在脸上。

3) She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.她心地善良，性格乐观，温柔和气，待人慷慨。 4) I saw a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.我看见一个要饭的，他身材矮小，脸色发黄，衣衫褴缕，瘸着腿，满脸胡子

译文：我看见一个小要饭的，脸色发黄，衣衫褴缕，瘸着腿，满脸胡子

我看见一个瘸腿叫花子，他身材矮小，脸色发黄，衣衫褴缕，满脸胡子

Table tennis is played all over China .中国到处都打乒乓球。（状语倒译成主语）

The past few years have seen China embark on a new period of development in economy to improve the general standard of living for its people.在过去的几年里，中国开始进入一个新的经济发展时期，以普遍提高人民的生活水平。

语序的差异：根据汉语灵活安排，确保译文通顺流畅。 1.4思维的差异:diversity in way of thinking

1)…for what can be prettier than an image of Love on his knees before Beauty?(M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)

痴情公子向貌美佳人跪下求婚,还不是一幅赏心悦目的画吗? 2)So we drove along between the green of the park and the stony

lifeless elegance of hotels and apartment buildings…

车子朝前行驶着,路两旁一边是青翠（绿树成荫）的公园,一边是死板乏味的豪华旅馆和公寓大楼……..

1.4.3英汉句子在思维上的不同造成了叙事方式的差异

1.4.3.1叙事原则。时间为重英语句子的词序由语境来决定,而汉语则是则按事件发生的先后顺序来排列先发生的在前，后发生的在后。.in terms of time, the word order of the English sentence is determined by the context, while the word order in Chinese is arranged in the time order

1)A loud applause exploded from the audience when the actress went on the stage.女演员登上舞台时，观众中爆发出一阵掌声。 2)The invaders will not surrender until they come to the end of their tether。侵略者不到走投无路的时候是不会投降的。 1.4.3.2论理原则，在事理上, 12.1.2推理差异。

英语的词序一般是直奔主题,再作解释,如在因果关系上,是先果后因,在假设关系上,是先结果后条件,而汉语一般是相反。在事理逻辑关系的叙述上，一般是先因后果，似乎更合逻辑。值得注意的是，英语中先果后因的结构是就复句而言的。英语单句的层次还是先说次要，后说主要。刘宓庆（2003：122）指出，英语复句的层次安排常常是：先说结论，后说分析；先说结果，后说原因，先说假设，再说前提，句子重心取前置式，而汉语单句和复句均取重心后置式。例如下面英语句子结论在前，分析在后，

译成汉语，就必须颠倒顺序，将结论放到后面去： (1) I think we should have been told if there was anything up.

我想要是真发生了什么事，他们应该通知我们的。 (2)I can’t trust her, because she is not honest. 他不老实，我不能相信他。

（3）The moon is a moon still, whether it shines or not. 不管是明还是暗，月亮总归是月亮。

(4)The government is determined to keep up the pressure whatever the cost it will pay in the end.

不论最终将付出什么代价，政府决心继续施加压力。 (5)The librarians have compiled a card-index catalogue so that they can afford facilities for reference.

为便于参考起见，图书馆馆员们编制了索引目录卡。 （6)If we comprehend our reality and act upon it, we can usher into a period of unprecedented advance.

如果我们能理解现实并按照现实行事，我们就能迎来一个史无前例的时期。

（7）Plugged into the intercommunication system, the man can now communicate with the rest of the crew no matter what noise is going on about him。

不管周围是多么喧闹，（ 只要接通）插头一接上机内通话系统，他就能和机组其余的飞行员通话。