2000年旧托福真题 - 图文

小马过河—新托福专业备考社区 www.xiaomaguohe.net outstanding women were presidential election results. ignored. (B) Biographies of John Adams. (C) only three women were able (C) Letters from a mother to a

to daughter advising her how to get their writing published. handle a family problem. (D) poetry produced by women (D) Books about famous graduates was more readily accepted of the country’s first college. than other writing by

women. 17. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women’s history 13. The word ―celebratory‖ in line 12 materials in the Schlesinger Library means that the writings referred and the Sophia Smith Collection? to were (A) They were combined and (A) related to parties published in a multivolume (B) religious encyclopedia about women. (C) serious (B) They formed the basis of (D) full of praise college courses in the nineteenth-century. 14. The word ―they‖ in line 12 refers to (C) They provided valuable (A) efforts information for twentieth- (B) authors century historical researchers. (C) counterparts (D) They were shared among (D) sources women’s colleges throughout the United States. 15. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century 18. In the last paragraph, the author histories does the author point out? mentions all of the following as (A) They put too much emphasis possible roles of nineteenth-century on daily activities. ―great women‖ EXCEPT (B) They left out discussion of (A) authors

the influence on money on (B) reformers politics (C) activists for women’s rights (C) The sources of the (D) politicicans

information they were based on were not necessarily accurate. (D) They were printed on

poor quality paper.

19. The word ―representative‖ in line 29

is closest in meaning to (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive

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小马过河—新托福专业备考社区 www.xiaomaguohe.net (D) distinctive

Questions 20 – 29 The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were

marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by

sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art 5 Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of

ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline,

although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. 10

Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had

been generically termed ―art glass‖. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.

15 France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style: among the most celebrated was Emile Gallé(1846-1901). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany(1848-1933)was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety

20 of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915,

although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920’s. It was eventually to be

25 overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and

designers. Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers alter the First

World War. The basic tenet of the movement – that function should determine form – was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple,

surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the style and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast stark outline, and complex textural surfaces.

20. What does paragraph 1 mainly 25. The word ―overtaken‖ in line 19 is discuss? closest in meaning to (A) Design elements in the Art (A) surpassed Nouveau style (B) inclined (B) The popularity of the Art (C) expressed Nouveau style (D) applied (C) Production techniques for art glass 26. What does the author mean by (D) Color combinations typical of stating that ―function should

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小马过河—新托福专业备考社区 www.xiaomaguohe.net the Art Nouveau style determine form‖ (line 22) ? (A) A useful object should not 21. The word ―one‖ in line 4 refers to be attractive. (A) century (B) The purpose of an object (B) development should influence its form (C) style (C) The design of an object (D) coloration (D) The form of an object should not include 22. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art decorative elements. Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient 27. It can be inferred from the passage burial glass? that one reason. Functionalism (A) The distortion of the glass became popular was that it (B) The appearance of the glass (A) clearly distinguish (C) The shapes of the glass objects (B) appealed to people who liked (D) The size of the glass objects complex painted designs (C) reflected a common desire to 23. What is the main purpose of break from the past

paragraph 2 ? (D) was easily interpreted by the (A) To compare different Art general public

Nouveau styles (B) To give examples of famous 28. Paragraph 3 supports which of the

Art Nouveau artists following statements about (C) To explain why Art Nouveau Functionalism?

glass was so popular in the (A) Its design concept avoided United States geometric shapes. (D) To show the impact Art (B) It started on a small scale and

Nouveau had on other then spread gradually. cultures around the world (C) It was a major force in the

decorative arts before the 24. The word ―prized‖ in line14 is First World War closest in meaning to (D) It was not attractive to (A) valued architects and designers (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved

29. According to the passage, an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include (A) a flowered design (B) bright colors (C) modern symbols (D) a textured surface

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小马过河—新托福专业备考社区 www.xiaomaguohe.net

Questions 30 – 40 During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The surge often progress along a glacier like a great wave, proceeding from one section to another. Subglacial streams of meltwater 5 might act as a lubricant, allowing the glacier to flow rapidly toward the sea. The increasing

water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between

ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly slides downhill. Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. However, many of these 10

glaciers exist in the same areas as normal glaciers, often almost side by side.

Some 800 years ago, Alaska’s Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated,

and advanced again 500 years later. Since 1895, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has

15 been flowing steadily toward the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of approximately 200 feet per

year. In June 1986, however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to 112 feet per day. Hubbard’s

surge closed off Russell Fiord with a formidable ice dam, some 2,500 feet wide and up to

20 800 feet high, whose caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south. About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If

enough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, West Antarctic ice shelves

could rise off the seafloor and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the

25 Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase. Earth’s albedo and lower global temperatures, perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This

situation appears to have occurred at the end of the last warm interglacial (the time between

glaciations), called the Sangamon, when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatically, spawning the beginning of the Ice Age.

30. What is the main topic of the 35. According to the passage, the

passage? Hubbard Glacier (A) The classification of different (A) moves more often than types of surge glaciers. the (B) The causes and consequences Valerie Glacier.

of surge glaciers. (B) began movement toward (C) The definition of a surge glacier. the (D) The history of a particular surge sea in 1895 Glacier. (C) is 800 feet wide.

(D) has moved as fast as 47 31. The word ―intervals‖ in line 2 is feet closest in meaning to per day. (A) records (B) speeds (C) distances

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