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avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material (25) should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations

mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.

11. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.

(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 12. The word \(A) aviculturists (B)birds (C)eggs (D) rates

13. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then

(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation (B) the embryo will not develop normally

(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position. (D) the incubation process is slowed down

14. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to (A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick (B) hold the nest together

(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest (D) make the nest bigger

15. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to (A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest (B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest (C) keep the nest in a clean condition (D) touch the bottom of the eggs

16. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT (A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest (B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest

(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell (D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell 17. The word \(A) build (B) paint (C)hang (D) move

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18. The word \(A) close (B) deadly (C) natural (D) hot

19. The word \(A) fiesh (B)diy (C)safe (D)warm

20. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides (A) a constant source of humidity (B) a strong nest box

(C) more room for newly hatched chicks (D) protection against cold weather

21. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators? (A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors. (B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly

(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does. (D) They are expensive to operate.

22. Which of the following terms is defined in thepassage? (A) Aviculturists (line I) (B) Gradient (line 8) (C) Incubation (line 15) (D) Embryo (line 24) Questions 23-33

The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles—sand, silt, and clay—are the focus of

examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the composite line sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.

(5) To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and

weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample

weight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a (10) sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the

palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into

each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provides the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of (15) clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a

plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.

Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped (20) in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural

determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not

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appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water .Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily (25) segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a

residue of clay, which can be weighed.

23. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Characteristics of high quality soil (B) Particles typically found in most soils

(C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil (D) Ways to determine the texture of soil

24. The author mentions \representative handrals\in line 4 in order to show (A) the range of soil samples

(B) the process by which soil is weighed

(C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample (D) how small soil particles are weighted

25. The phrase \(A) mixed (B) replaced (C) carried (D) separated

26. It can be inferred mat the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect

(A) the way the soil is extracted (B) the results of squeezing the soil

(C) the need to check more than one handful (D) the difficulty of forming different shapes

27. The word \(A) damaged (B) stretched (C) moistened (D) examined

28. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or no clay in it? (A) It is not very heavy.

(B) It may not hold its shape when molded. (C) Its shape is durable

(D) Its texture cannot be classified 29. The word \(A) categories (B) sieves

(C) larger particles (D) clay particles

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30. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an advantage over the hand test in determining soil texture because (A) using the sieve takes less time (B) the sieve can measure clay

(C) less training is required to use the sieve (D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure

31. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they

(A) stick to the sides of the water container (B) take some time to sink to the bottom (C) separate into different sizes (D) dissolve quickly

32. The word \(A) tiny (B) many

(C) excellent (D) various

33. All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT (A) texture (line 3) (B) ribbon (line 11)

(C) sediment sieves (line 19) (D) evaporated (line 27) Questions 34-43

A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication line through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by (5) a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is

inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When

speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the (10) words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant's tone can consciously or

unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are .usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived (15) from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's

skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.

Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is (20) confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few

personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can

drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. (25) Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the

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