中考命题研究河北省2016中考英语 语法专题突破 专题十一 动词的语态

专题十一 动词的语态

,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势

1.一般现在时的被动语态 2.一考纲要求 般过去时的被动语态 3.一般将来时的被动语态 考查点 一般现在时 的被动语态 2014 年份 题号 treats/treated43 /is__treated/was treated celebrate/is__2011 44 celebrated/celebrated/was celebrated 一般过去时 的被动语态 2015 moves/moved/is 38 moved/was__moved invites/is 2013 39 invited/was__invited/has invited will save/was 一般将来时 的被动语态 2012 44 saved/have saved/will__be__saved 动词语态为河北中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。语句多为单句形式，词数多为9～13。

预计2016年河北中考的单项选择题必定会出现一道题考查被动语态，并与时态相结合。

,河北中考重难点突破

1分 1分 1分 1分 1分 选项设置 分值

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【考点抢测】

( )1.Chinese ________ by more and more people from all over the world today. A．learn B．learned C．is learned D．was learned

( )2.(2015保定8中模拟)Today，computers are really helpful.They ______ everywhere. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used

( )3.(2015唐山54中模拟)Every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks ______ for their fins(鱼翅)． A．were killed B．have killed C．are killed D．will kill

( )4.The sport of basketball ________ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. A．play B．played

C．is played D．has played

( )5.When I called the bus service，I ________ that there was no more bus. A．was telling B．was told C．has told D．had told

( )6.(2015保定17中模拟)A new club ________ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.

A．starts B．is started C．has started D．was started

( )7.The first Earth Day ________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated

( )8.Alice ________ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Green's.

A．gave B．was given C．gives D．is given

( )9.The task ________ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest. A．was finished B．will be finished C．has been finished D．can't be finished

( )10.(2015唐山友谊中学模拟)I'm sure that stricter rules ________ to control smoking very soon. A．made B．will make C．were made D．will be made 【满分点拨】 1．动词语态的分类

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。 (2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)

2．被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的4种时态的被动结构如下：

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时态 一般 现在时 一般 过去时 一般 将来时 情态 动词 3.主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)图示

被动结构 am/is/are＋done was/were＋done will/shall＋ be＋done 情态动词＋ be＋done 例句 This kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国制造的。 The flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟游戏是大学生们发明的。 The bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。 Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。

(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动 (3)变换步骤：

①将主动句的宾语变为主语。

注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him．→He was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。

②将动词改为“be＋过去分词”。

注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了 。

③将主动语态的主语改为by?放在谓语动词后。

注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him．他唱了一首歌。

【方法突破】

分析河北近5年考情发现，涉及语态的试题的选项中通常有两个主动和两个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：

判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态

读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。一般人作主语时，谓语动词用主动语态。当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出：若为主语发出，用主动语态；若不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。对于被动语态来说，试题主要是让大家找出谓语动作的执行者或承受者，这就要根据句子的意思进行判断，然后根据句中的时间状语做出正确选择。

确定句子的时态

被动语态的使用离不开时态，所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的暗示或发生动作的时态来分析判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。再结合句意给出的时间状语或已发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。

4．常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构

(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。

(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为

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被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。

(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.→His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。

5．不能使用被动结构的情况

(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。

(2)有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。

(3)表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事发

生在一个寒冷的夜晚。

,河北中考考点精练

( )1.(2015广安中考)—Mike，I looked for you everywhere last night. —Oh，I ________ to the party. A．am invited B．invited C．invite D．was invited

( )2.(2015石家庄42中模拟)—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It ________ very often. A．is washed B．washes C．was washed D．washed

( )3.(2015临沂中考)Teenagers should ________ to take care of themselves from a young age. A．educate B．be educating C．have educated D．be educated

( )4.(2015江西中考)You can't wear shoes inside this place.It ________. A．doesn't allow B．isn't allowed C．hasn't allowed D．wasn't allowed

( )5.(2015资阳中考)A new school ________ last year in my hometown. A．set up B．sets up C．is set up D．was set up

( )6.(2015青岛中考)We ________ to start at once，or we will miss the train. A．tell B．have told C．are told D．told

( )7.(2015烟台中考)Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the English Speech Contest. A．is encouraged B．encourages

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