中考新突破(江西专用)中考英语 话题二十一 世界与环境试题

话题二十一 世界与环境

(The world and the environment)

Ⅰ.完形填空

A( 2016济南改编)

Did you throw something away today? The answer for most people would be yes. But where does our __1__ go?

It doesn't just sit in the rubbish bin. Every day, __2__ come to take the rubbish from our rubbish bins. They put it into a big truck and __3__ it to landfills(垃圾填埋场). At the landfill, people sort(分类) the rubbish. They recycle some, __4__ some and bury(埋) some of it underground. The more rubbish gets recycled, the __5__. It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills. Landfills can also be bad for the environment.

So many Chinese cities encourage everyone to sort out their rubbish __6__ throwing it away. Put the food in one bag. Put the plastic bottles in __7__. And throw them in the right rubbish bins. In this way, we can help __8__ a lot of time, money and energy for all of society.

Many foreign __9__ have good sorting systems(系统). So they have higher recycling rates(比率)．In Sweden, only 4 percent of household waste __10__ in landfills every year. In Japan, people recycle nearly 50 percent of all rubbish.

There is __11__ a lot to do when it comes to rubbish sorting in China. People in the country make about 300 million tons of rubbish every year. __12__ they only recycle less than a quarter of the waste. The __13__ of it ends up in landfills. Most of it is unsorted. The good news is that many cities are trying different ways to make things better. Beijing will start a new program to __14__ rubbish sorting next year. If people sort out their rubbish, they'll __15__ WeChat bonus points(加分). They can exchange the bonus points for shopping cards!

(B)1.A.transportation B．rubbish C．creativity D．standard

(D)2.A.policemen B．doctors C．scientists D．workers (C)3.A.take B．bring C．carry D．overcome (B)4.A.buy B．burn C．sell D.make (A)5.A.better B.worse C.more D.less

(D)6.A.after B.unless C．until D.before (B)7.A.the other B.another C．others D.the others (C)8.A.separate B．cancel C．save D．discover

1

(A)9.A.countries B.cities C．towns D．villages (B)10.A.takes up B.ends up C．gets up D．puts up (D)11.A.already B.yet C.never D.still (D)12.A.So B.Or C.And D．But

(B)13.A.piece B.rest C.surface D.kind (C)14.A.invent B.pull C.improve D.disappear (A)15.A.get B.finish C.refuse D.spare

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们阐述了垃圾的“去处”，有的被回收利用，有的被填埋，有的被烧毁。作者呼吁大家将垃圾分类，这样可以节省大量的时间金钱和精力。

【答案精析】

1．B 考查名词辨析。transportation“交通”；rubbish“垃圾”；creativity“创造力”；standard“标准”。由上文“Did you throw something away today？”和“It doesn't just sit in the rubbish bin.”可知此处指“垃圾”。故选B。

2．D 考查名词辨析。policemen“警察”；doctor“医生”；scientist“科学家”；workers“工人”。由下文“to take the rubbish from our rubbish bins”可知是指“工人”。故选D。

3．C 考查动词辨析。take“带走”；bring“带来”；carry“搬，运”；overcome“克服”。由“They put it into a big truck”可知是通过卡车把垃圾运到填埋场。故选C。

4．B 考查动词辨析。buy“买”；burn“烧”；sell“卖”；make“制造；使”。由空格前的“recycle some”和空格后的“bury(埋) some”可知此处是指烧垃圾。故选B。

5．A 考查形容词辨析。better“更好”；worse“更差”；more“更多”；less“更少”。由“It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills.”可知垃圾回收越多就越好。故选A。

6．D 考查连词辨析。after“在……之后”；unless“除非；如果不”；until“直到……为止”；before“在……之前”。垃圾分类应该在扔掉垃圾之前。故选D。

7．B 考查代词辨析。the other“(两者中)另一个”；another“(三者或三者以上中)另一个”；others“其他人或物”；the others“(特指)其他人或物”。由上文“Put the food in one bag.”可知这里是泛指另一个袋子。故选B。

8．C 考查动词辨析。separate“分离”；cancel“取消”；save“节省；挽救”；discover“发现”。垃圾分类可以节省时间、金钱和精力。故选C。

9．A 考查名词辨析。country“国家”；city“城市”；town“城镇”；village“村庄”。Sweden和Japan是两个国家。故选A。

10．B 考查动词短语辨析。take up“学着做；开始做；占用”；end up“结束；告终”；get up“起床；起来”；put up“张贴；抬起；举起”。由空格前后的内容可知此处表示有百分之四的家庭垃圾最后到了垃圾填埋场，故选B。

11．D 考查副词辨析。already“已经”；yet“还；已经”；never“从不”；still“仍然”。由下文“People in the country make about 300 million tons of rubbish every year ... they only recycle less than a quarter of the waste.”可知仍然有许多事情要做。故选D。

12．D 考查连词辨析。so“因此；所以”；or“或者；否则”；and“并且；和”；but“但是”。由空格前后的内容可知前后句是转折关系。故选D。

13．B 考查名词辨析。piece“块；张；片……”；rest“剩余的部分”；surface“表面”；kind“种类”。上文提到不到四分之一的垃圾被回收可知此处表示“剩下”的垃圾。故选B。

2

14．C 考查动词辨析。invent“发明”；pull“拉”；improve“提高”；disappear“消失”。由上文“The good news is that many cities are trying different ways to make things better.”可知此处指提高垃圾分类的效率。故选C。

15．A 考查动词辨析。get“得到”；finish“完成”；refuse“拒绝”；spare“抽出；留出”。由下文“They can exchange the bonus points for shopping cards！”可知他们可以得到微信加分。故选A。

B (2016长沙改编)

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。

improve influence unless avoid importance spend healthy especially angry refuse

Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases(疾病) in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(卫生) conditions. In those countries, women and girls 1 spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less

2 influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to(有机会或权力使用) clean water 3 to__improve their health.

Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the 4 importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn't eat with me 5 unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very 6 angry and shouted at her, “It's not up to you to tell me what to do！” Stunned (目瞪口呆的)，Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest(抗议), Hadjara 7 refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara's head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughter's intention(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and 8 healthier lives.

For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, 9 especially improve their health. So, from now on, let's 10 avoid wasting water and take actions to save water, which is important to people all over the world.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在发展中国家使用清洁水源对于提高人们健康水平很重要。以此呼吁全世界的人们一起来节约用水，保护水资源。

【答案精析】

1．spend 此空后面是名词词组“several hours”，可确定此空填动词，由“spend＋时间段＋(in) doing sth.”结构确定选spend。注意要用一般现在时。 主语“women and

3

girls”是复数，谓语要用动词原形。故填spend。

2．influences 空格后的“health”是名词，确定此空填动词，由上文内容及“The polluted water”可知此处表示，污水或多或少“影响”了健康，应填influence。主语“The polluted water”是不可数名词，谓语要用第三人称单数。故填influences。

3．to improve 空格后的“health”是名词，确定此空填动词，由下文“Having access to clean water changed her life.”和“The girl really want her family to live longer...”可知干净的水能改善健康状况，选择填improve。注意正确答案要填to improve，用动词不定式短语表示“have access to clean water”的目的。

4．importance 由“of hand－washing”可知此空要填名词。再由“when the school first received clean water”可知此处表示，她了解了洗手的重要性。故填importance。

5．unless 既然了解了洗手的重要性，她肯定就要求父亲“如果你不洗手的话就不要和我一起吃饭”。故填unless。

6．angry 在was后面确定填形容词。由下文“shouted at her”可知父亲生气了。故填angry。

7．refused 由“In protest”可知她拒绝吃饭。注意要用一般过去时。故填refused。 8．healthier 连词“and”连接两个并列成分，由“longer”确定此空要填形容词的比较级。结合空格前内容可知此处表示“生活的长久且健康”。故填healthy的比较级healthier。

9．especially 由“clean water can change many things”可知这里是特指改善健康状况。故填especially。

10．avoid 由“take actions to save water”可知是避免浪费水。let's后接动词原形。故填avoid。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

拯救大堡礁

The world's largest reef(礁), the Great Barrier Reef, has lost more than half of its coral(珊瑚) cover in the past 30 years because of global(全球的) warming. The beauty of the Australian reef has been left lifeless.

Scientists have been trying to find ways to save it, and now they may have found a special helping hand—volcanoes(火山)．

During a volcano eruption(喷发), wherever hot lava(岩浆) goes, villages and plants are burned right down to the ground. How could it possibly save life on Earth?

When the lava goes into the ocean, it quickly cools down and becomes light rocks(岩石) that can float(漂浮) in the water. For example, shortly after the 2006 eruption of a volcano near Tonga, a southwest Pacific island, scientists found many large rocks floating on the ocean. These rocks traveled a long way from the island to Australia over the next eight months.

4