2011年高考英语语法专题复习 - 图文

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语法专题

专题一 冠词

I、重点难点解析

冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义

历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，

1. 冠词的位置 1 2 3 4

2.不定冠词 考点 示例 A square has four sides． 考点 such／what／many／rather／quite + a (n)+形容词+单数可数名词 how／however／so／too／as／that／this十形容词+a(u)+单数可数名词 both／all／half／twice／double + the +名词 half a (n）或a half + 单数可数名词 示例 quite a small house so nice a girl twice the size of the room Half an hour／a half hour 1 表示泛指，与any同义 2 表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概 He will be back in a week． 念不如one强烈 3 表示“相同的”，与the same同义 5 表示“某一”，与a certain同义 6 表示“像……似的”，与one like同义 Birds of a feather flock together． A Mr Smith is waiting to see you． He is a Lei Feng in our class． 4 表示“每一个”，与every，each，per同义 I visit my father once a month． 7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、?一阵、 We had a heavy rain last night． 一份、一场”等 8

3. 定冠词 1 2 3 4 5 考点 示例 用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化 You are a great help to your mother． 特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、 There l met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a lot. / Do you know the man 受定语修饰的人或物 standing by the window? 用于单数名词前，指一类事物 用于乐器名称前 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 与某些形容词连用表示一类人 The lion is a wild animal. the violin / the piano the sun/ the earth/ the world the rich / the young / the aged 第 1 页 共 65 页

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6 7 8 9 在字数词和最高级前 the first one to come to school／the best student in our class 在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名The Changjiang River / the West Lake / the English Channel 中 在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的play (the) piano／the Browns／in the 1920s/ 复数前 在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民. the Chinese / the English in the morning / the day after tomorrow / the day before yesterday / the next year 10 用在一些习惯用语中

4. 零冠词 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 考点 专用名词和不可数名词前 当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时 成对名词连用时 示例 China, America, Grade One, Class Two We are students./ I like reading stories. day after day／face to face 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等 Go down this street. 在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前 play basketball／play chess／like physics. speak English／at lunch 在季节、月份、某些含Day的节假日、星Autumn is the best season in Beijing.／in 期等名词前 May／New Year?s Day／On Sunday 在某些习惯用语中的名词前

At noon／by bus／by telephone/ in bed, in time / go to bed / go to college 5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析

英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。 1. in front of 在……（外）的前面 ; in the front of 在……（内）的前面 There?s a garden in front of the classroom.

There?s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table.

They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 4. by day 白天；日间 ; by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day.

Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 5. take place 发生；举行 ; take the place 代替；接替

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When did this conversation take place?

Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England. 6. in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之 Please express your thought in words. In a word, I don?t trust you.

7. at times 有时；不时 ; at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times. Pass me the bricks two at a time.

8. little 少；不多的 ; a little 一些；一点点 Hurry up, there?s little time left.

Don?t hurry, you still have a little time.

9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个 He is a man of few words.

Only a few of the children can read.

10.a most interesting 非常有趣的 ; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级） This is a most interesting story.

This is the most interesting story of the three.

11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there. A doctor and a nurse are standing there.

12.A number of 许多；好些 ; the number of …（的）数目 A number of students are in the classroom.

The number of students in the classroom is forty.

II、实战演练

（一）．用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“\\”.

1.---Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

---Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

2. I know you don't like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the

film we saw yesterday?

3. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. --- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer.

4. Of all _______ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was

_______ most important one.

5. According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to

prevent _________ spread of AIDS.

6.. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living. 7. I think it really _______ honor for me to speak here.. 8. This lab used to be in _______ charge of Mr. Wang.

9 I know there is ______ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on ________ business.

10 He devotes most of his time to _______ football. And I am sure he promises ________ excellent

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footballer.

11 Don?t lose heart. Please have ______ second try. 12 Those who are rich should help ______ poor.

13 When stealing the thief was caught by ______ arm by a policeman. 14 In some factories workers get paid by ______ piece. 15 It is a bad habit to go to work without ______ breakfast.

16 John is _______ university student from ______ European country.

17 Teachers play _______ active and important part in building up students? character. 18 _______ Zhangs live on the second floor. 19 Cotton is grown in _______ north of China.

20 It is known to us all that _______ light travels faster than _______ sound. 21 A tower is seen in _______ distance.

22In case of fire please press _______ red button.

23 Shenzhen has ________ population of more than 10 million.

24_______ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful. 25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ______ leg.

26He loved writing and his first novel was ______ great success when it came out. 27 My brother was born in _______ spring of 1990.

28 Mr. Smith is ______ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help. 29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _______ better voice. 30 Beijing is ______ second largest city in China.

31 My trip to Tibet was really ________ unforgettable experience.

32 This watch is _______ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.

（二） 语法填空

在括号中填入适当的冠词

There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.

The king chose 10 second picture.

答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; / 10 /; an 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; / 21 the 22the 23 a 24 The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 an

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