英语句子成分总结

= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

【注意】

a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 c ever if, even though. 即使

We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. d whether…or- 不管……都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true. e \matter +疑问词\或\疑问词+后缀ever\ No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 （错）No matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now.

你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句) （错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,

（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

[编辑本段] 比较状语从句

要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。 原级

1. as…as 和。。。一样 Jack is as tall as Bob. 捷克和汤姆一样高。

2. not so(as)…as …和不一样

She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister. 她不如她姐姐外向。 比较级

more…than (更)

This book is more instructive than that one. 这本书比那本书由教育意义。 最高级

1.The most…in/of

This book is the most interesting of the three. 这本书是三本中最有趣的。 2. the + 形容词+est…of/in

This road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。 知识扩展

no more than只不过(嫌少的意思) 1。I have no more than two pens. 我只有两支笔。

2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops. 去商店不过一英里。

not more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者) 1。Jack is not more diligent than John. 捷克不如约翰勤奋。

2。one of the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级) Han Mei is one of the best students in our school. 韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。

[编辑本段] 方式状语从句

1） 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。 as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是\正如…\，\就像\，多用于正式文体，例如：

1。Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 2。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2） as if, as though

两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作\仿佛……似的\，\好像……似的\，例如：

1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） 3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） [说明]as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：

1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 2。He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

[编辑本段]

状语从句在写作中的运用

写作中能合理、正确地使用状语从句，不但能地道的表达英文习惯，而且还能使文体结构更加严谨、美观。例如下文： My hobby

The hobby I enjoy most is fishing.

I started fishing (1)when I was five years old. I’ll never forget the day (2)when my father first took me fishing with him. On that day, I was holding a fishing rod (3)when a fish suddenly started pulling on the line. (4)I was so shocked that I fell into the water. But experience didn’t put me off and I have been fishing ever since.

Now I still go fishing with my father. And we often go out on Sundays and spend the whole day fishing in the river.

(1)是由when引导的时间状语从句，这列从句的使用频率很高。

(2)句是由I’ll never forget the day .及when my father first took me fishing with him.两局组成。When在从句中做时间状语。

(3)句也是由when 引导的时间状语从句。When 常与suddenly 连用，主句常用过去进行是。译为 “正在……, 忽然……”.

(4)是以 so…that… (太…..以致于……)引导的结果状语从句. 语文状语

定义:状语是名词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制、动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等. 例句:(括号内为状语) 他[已经]走了 咱们[北京]见

歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆

科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权 说明:1.副词、形容词经常做状语.

2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语动词中除助动词外很少做状语.

3.介词结构常做状语

4.一般状语紧连在中心词的前边,但表示时间、处所、目的的名词或介词结构作状语时,可以放在主语的前边.如[在杭州],我们游览了西湖美景.

六、补语：

英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。

1、主语的补语

它用在系动词后，是句子的一个基本成分。常用主－系－表结构。 1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起，至少，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语）

2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？ -- Me. --我。 （me做主语补语= It's me.）

3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主语补语）

约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。

2、宾语的补语