高三英语一轮知识点

10.据说 It is said that… …is said to … eg.

⑴ It is said that you know his address.据说你知道他的地址。 =You are said to know his address.

⑵It is said that he is the best player in his class.据说他是班里最好的队员。 =He is said to be the best player in his class.

⑶It is said that the old temple is of great importance.据说那座古庙很重要。 =The old temple is said to be of great importance.

﹡be said 还可和to have done连用，表示已发生的情况 eg.

⑴He is said to have failed again.据说他又失败了。

⑵They are said to have won the game.据说他们赢了这场比赛。

⑶He is said to have written a novel about Long March.据说他写了一本关于长征的小说。

高考题例：

----Is Bob still performing?

----I?m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official. （2005全国高考江苏卷） A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left

分析：前者问＂Bob还在表演吗＂，后者回答＂恐怕不演了，据说因为他当官已经离开舞台了＂。从设空后的 already 一词可以明显看出Bob离开舞台是过去已经发生的事情，所以此处必须选用不定式的完成式，因而 A项为正确选项。 答案：A

11.pull down 拆除，推掉；使降低，使体质虚弱；拉下（事物） eg.

⑴The old government was pulled down.旧政府已被推翻了。

⑵The cinema he used to visit has been pulled down.他过去常去的那家电影院已被拆除了。 ⑶It?s easier to pull down than build up.拆比建容易。

⑷It was the written paper that pulled him down.是笔试使他落后了。 ⑸Since his illness , he is very much pulled down.病后他身体远不如从前了。 ⑹Would you please pull down the blinds? 请你把窗帘拉下好吗？

其他常用pull 短语：

pull ahead (of sb./ sth.) 领先（于某人/某事物） pull in/into （指火车）进站

pull sb. round/ though （帮助某人）恢复知觉或健康 pull (sth.) over （使车船等）闪到一边 pull oneself together 控制自己，控制感情等

⑴The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear. 路上稍一有空，那辆汽车就抢到前面去了。

⑵The team has pulled well ahead of the rest in the championship. 这个车队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他队。

⑶The train pulled in right on time. 这列火车正点到站。 ⑷Passengers stood and stretched as the train pulled into the station. 火车进站时旅客们站起来伸了伸懒腰。

⑸She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through. 她病得很厉害，看起来不大可能康复了。

⑹A sip of bandy helped to pull him round.给他喝一口白兰地有助于使他苏醒。 ⑺Pull （your car） over and let me pass. 把你的车闪开，让我过去。 ⑻You must try to pull yourself together. Your family depend on you. 你应该振作起来，你的家庭都指着你呢。

12.by prep. 表示到事物的程度

⑴The bullet missed him by two inches.那子弹差两英寸就打中他了。 ⑵The carpet is too short by three feet.那地毯短了三英尺。

⑶The population has increased by one million.人口已增加了一百万。

*按照（某事物），根据

⑴By my watch it is two o?clock.我的手表现在是两点钟。

⑵Judging by appearances can be misleading.凭外表判断是会误事的。

*以连续的单位、批量或程度计

⑴The children came in two by two.孩子们两个两个地进来了。 ⑵Little by little the snow disappeared.雪渐渐地融化了。

⑶They determined to move the temple stone by stone.他们决定一块石头一块石头地搬运这座庙。 ⑷He is growing up day by day .他一天天地长大了。 ⑸Step by step one goes far.千里之行始于足下。

*以某事物为标准或单位

⑴He was paid by the month.他是按月领取薪水。

⑵We sell ice-creams by the thousand in the summer.我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。

*表示运输方式

They went there by air/ship/car. 他们乘坐飞机/轮船/小汽车去的那里。

*表示被触及、被抓住身体的部位或衣物某处 take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手 seize sb. by the collar/hair 抓住某人的衣领、头发 13.

in modern times 在现代 in ancient times 在古代

times 常可以用来表示“时代，时期，境况，日子等”

⑴Times have changed and we should not fall behind them.时代变了，我们不应落后于时代。 ⑵In ancient times, people lived on wild fruits and beasts. 在古代，人们靠采摘野果、捕食野兽为生。

⑶Times are hard. I have my family to keep.日子过的很艰难，我得养家糊口。

Time 短语：

for the first time 第一次 in time 及时 on time 准时 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时

at times 有时候 ahead of time 提前 in no time 立刻，马上 behind the times 落后于时代 from time to time 间或，偶尔 kill time 消磨时光

take one?s time 沉住气，慢慢来 in time of 在…时候 have a good/ wonderful time 玩的高兴

time and time again 再三，一遍又一遍 at a time 一次 14.

compete in … 参加…比赛

compete with/ against sb. （for sth.） 与…竞赛（竞争） eg.

⑴A total of twenty athletes competes in the shot put.一共有二十名运动员参加了铅球比赛。 ⑵Twenty girls competed in the race. 二十位姑娘参加了赛跑。 ⑶Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract. 几家公司正为争取一项合同而相互竞争。

⑷This is the horse that has competed in the Grand National four times. 这就是参加过四次?英国大赛马?的马。

*competition n. 比赛，竞赛

⑴He came first in the poetry competition. 他获诗歌比赛第一名。 ⑵We are in competition with several other companies for the contact. 我们与另几家公司角逐争取这项合同。

⑶She took the second place in the beauty competition. 她在选美比赛中获得了第二名。

*competitor n. 竞争者，比赛者

competitive adj. 比赛的，竞争的，不亚于或超过他人的

⑴The firm has better products than its competitors. 这公司的产品比其对手的好。

⑵Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。

15.tie v. 绑，系；打成平局 *tie …to… 把…和…系在一起 tie （with sb.） 与（另一参加者）得分相同

tie sb. up 捆绑某人；缠住某人使之无暇顾及他事 tie sth. up 捆或扎某物，难以动用（资金）

⑴The prisoners? hands were tied back.犯人的手被绑在身后。 ⑵He tied his dog to a big tree.他把狗栓在一棵大树上。 ⑶The two teams tied （with each other）.这两个队不分胜负。 ⑷I tied up the parcel.我捆好了包裹。

⑸Most of the money?s tied up in property.他大部分资金都投在房地产上无法动用。 ⑹The thieves left the night-watchman tied up and gagged. 窃贼把夜班守卫员捆住，把他的嘴也堵住了。

⑺I?m tied up in a meeting until 3pm.我开会直到三点钟方可离开。

*tie n. 领带，连接物，束缚，平局 ⑴Each team scored twice and the game ended in a tie. 每个队都有两次得分，比赛不分胜负。 ⑵The firm has ties with an American corporation. 该公司与美国一家公司有关系。

⑶He was wearing a white shirt and a red tie. 他身穿白色衬衫，戴着一条红色领带。

⑷Pets can be a tie when you want to go away on holiday. 要想外出渡假时，宠物会成为牵累。 16.

join 指参加某个组织或团体，成为其中一员 join （sb.）in sth./ doing sth. 指参加活动或比赛，多用于日常口语。

attend 正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议或仪式（如婚礼、葬礼、典礼等；上学、上课、听报告等）

take park in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，强调参加这一活动的人在此项活动中所起的作用 go in for 指参加某项比赛、活动、考试等；还有“爱好”的意思。 enter for 指报名参加某项比赛

⑴Will you join me in a walk? 你和我一起去散步好吗？

⑵The teacher joined them in the experiment.老师和他们一起做实验。 ⑶Almost all the class teams joined in the basketball match. 我校几乎所有的班队都参加了这次篮球赛。

⑷How many people entered for the competition? 有多少人报名参加比赛？ ⑸Jack has gone in for the high-jump, but I don?t think he has a chance to win. 杰克去参加跳高比赛了，但我觉得他获胜机会很小。 ⑹He goes in for gymnastics.他喜欢体操。

⑺We will take part in social activities during the summer vacation. 我们暑假期间将参加社会活动。

⑻He?ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。

⑼They didn?t attend the wedding.他们没参加婚礼。 ⑽He attended school at the age of six. 他六岁上学。

⑾My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是毕业后参军。 ⑿ Her husband joined her in her search for this unknown radiation. 她丈夫和她一起寻找这种不知名的射线。

17.Why not? Why don’t you? 为什么不…？

这两种句式都是向对方提出忠告或建议，前者是后者的省略形式，所以后接动词时不带to如： ⑴It looks like rain. Why not take a raincoat? 快要下雨了，你为什么不带件雨衣呢？ ⑵Since you have to stay at home, why don?t you do some reading? 既然你必须呆在家里，为什么不读点书呢？

另外，Why not? 也可以单独使用，表示“为什么不行？”“好啊”“请别客气” eg. ⑴

---You shouldn?t go out with me. ---Why not?

“你不该跟我出去。” “为什么不行？”