2010 丁晓钟春季词汇班讲义

more cash on hand. Heavyweights such as HP, IBM and Oracle are probably best placed

to weather the storm, thanks to their broad product portfolios and international presence.

Software and services will do better than hardware or semiconductors. Other relative

winners will be technologies that promise quick savings, such as videoconferencing gear

and “virtualisation” software, which allows firms to get more out of hardware they already own.

(08) Still, the IT industry cannot defy gravity, says Brent Thill, an analyst at Citi

Investment Research. And this recession could end up worse than the last if it drags on.

In 2001 the crisis consisted of a collapse followed by a quick recovery, he says. Today

looks like an inexorable march downward. Mr Thill sees it as ominous that in his latest

survey of 200 chief information officers on both sides of the Atlantic, nearly half said they

had not yet set their budget for 2009.

(09) Yet even if the plot is different, the consequences are likely to be similar. In

many ways the previous IT downturn marked the industry’s coming of age. In its wake,

the industry was no longer mainly about “hot” new technologies that made maximal use

of Moore’s law, which holds that roughly twice as much processing power is available at

a given price every 18 months. Firms have since started to opt more for good-enough

“cold” wares, which save them money and allow for more flexibility: commodity

hardware, open-source software such as the Linux operating system and programs

accessed over the internet, or “software as a service” (SaaS) . (10) The crisis will only speed up this shift, not least because many of the cold

technologies have themselves become more mature. SaaS and other computing services

supplied online, and collectively called “cloud computing”, have become better and more

widespread. In November Salesforce.com, the largest SaaS firm, beat analysts’

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expectations, reporting sharply growing revenues and profits. (11) And open-source software has long since moved beyond Linux. All kinds of

enterprise software is now available in this form, which in most cases means that firms

pay for maintenance services, but that the programs are free. This business model

already seems to be benefiting from the downturn. Revenues at Alfresco, which makes

software that helps manage web content, for instance, have tripled in the last quarter, according to Mr Asay.

Technology firms in the recession: Here we go again -8-点点英语bbs.diandian.net

(12) Will the industry therefore emerge selling commodity products? Actually,

commoditisation and standardisation are creating new platforms for innovation. Cloud

computing, for example, should allow small firms and even individuals to outsource computer management rather than doing it themselves—something that is only an

option for big firms at present—and open up new opportunities for the industry by allowing it to reach into new fields.

(13) The rapidly growing mobile internet gives a glimpse of what is to come. Only a

year ago, downloading software to an iPhone or other “smart” mobile device was only for

technophiles. Now it is commonplace. Over 300m applications, including games and

utilities, have been downloaded from Apple’s App Store alone.

(14) Were it not for the recession, says Forrester's Mr Bartels, the industry would

actually be ready for another of its high-growth phases, which it tends to enter every

eight years or so. Since IT investments are being held back now, he predicts, they will

pick up quickly when the economy recovers, be it in 2010 or later. And given the

industry’s notoriously short memory, today’s jitters will quickly be forgotten.

2010 丁晓钟春季词汇班讲义 点点英语 bbs.diandian.net-9-

考研英语总体复习思路指导：如此准备，考研英语过关不在话下

点点英语四六级考研研究员 缪金华 1. 背单词

单词是文章的基础，文章中若有大部份的关键单词不认识，那将大大阻碍你对文 章的理解。

推荐两种常见的背单词的方法(这两种方法需要交互进行，没有前后顺序)：

(1)从市面上任意选取一本单词书，每天计划一定的时间进行强记。强行记忆生词

的过程一直要持续到考研英语结束。不建议使用以真题里的句子作为例句的词汇 书。

(2)结合文章进行记忆，这点很重要。以往有很多考生反映，单词都背过了，可在

文章中还是认不出来或者不知道具体的意思，究其原因主要是只知道背诵词汇书，

没有适应在具体的文章阅读中记忆单词。文章可以选用大学里的英语课本里的文

章，也可以是自己做过的真题文章(四六级的、考研的都可以)，这里重点推荐使

用丁老师的《英美外刊超精读》（四月正式出版），文章全部来源与考研文章题源。

在阅读中遇到好的词语、句型要记忆下来，想想该如何造句，如何应用到作文中 去。

2. 习语法

虽然考研英语没有专门的语法题，但语法是解决真题里长难句的关键，没有过硬

的语法知识，长难句几乎没法下手。

建议考生朋友重点看以下几块重点的语法知识：从句；非谓语动词；倒装；省略。

任何一本供高中生使用的语法书就可以了。我推荐使用叶永昌主编的《新编英语

阅读手册》(淘宝有正版销售，虽名为阅读手册，实为语法书)。

考生朋友可以结合在文章中背单词，进行长难句的解构，无需进行长难句的专门 练习。不建议单独使用以真题里的长难句作为例句的长难句讲解书，因为那会使

你的真题练习的难度大大降低，污染了真题。 3. 啃真题

主要分为两个阶段：

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第一阶段是基础阶段(3 月至7 月)，考生朋友主要在背单词、习语法，英语的基础 知识还不太牢固，而90 年代的真题难度相对小一点(不太会打击大家的积极性)，

考生朋友可以结合这期间的真题对单词、语法加以巩固，为后阶段研究近十年的

真题做铺垫。事实上，许多辅导班的春季班都是以此作为辅导资料的，点点团队

编写的《历年真题超精解(上)》（内部资料已出）对90 年代的真题常规阅读和翻

译(共48 篇文章)做了最为详尽的分析，大家可以选用。 第二阶段是强化提高阶段(8 月至考试前夕)，主要是研究近十年的真题，研究最近

阶段命题人是如何设置考点与陷阱的。真题必须在规定的时间内做完(这样你才能

适应考研英语的强度)，做完后对答案，然后每半天分析一篇文章：记忆文章中不

认识的生词，分析长难句，可用在作文中的搭配与句型，自己是如何上当的等等。

在一套试卷还没有分析搞透之前不建议动手做下一套试卷，要争取做到每做一套

试卷都有收获。自己分析时可以不参考书上的试题解析，往往自己领悟出来的或

者在苦思冥想之后知道答案的印象才深刻。整个精读的过程可以参考《超精读: 全 考研英语总体复习思路指导 -10-点点英语bbs.diandian.net

面提升英语阅读能力》这篇文章。丁晓钟老师编写的《历年真题超精解》（四月正

式出版）可以作为这个阶段的使用材料，该书不论是在篇章结构分析，还是具体

题目的反陷阱提示、定位与替换方面都做了详细的分析，可以说是市面上同类图 书之中最牛的。 4. 写作文

在暑假之前，关于作文的一切都是准备阶段：自己收集了好的词语、搭配和句型。

暑假之后作文应该动手了，可以以真题里的题目练笔，建议作文还是自己动手写

写，每两周或一周一篇。写完后对照范文，找出自己的差距和范文中的亮点句子，

适当的总结。也可以找老师或高手帮你修改。 5. 时间安排

考研不只是考英语，还有数学、专业课和政治，考生朋友要对各科时间安排有大

体的计划，一旦计划制定之后，就必须认真的执行。不要随便跟风与改变自己的 计划。

2010 丁晓钟春季词汇班讲义 点点英语 bbs.diandian.net-11- 1999 年Text 1 超精解

(01)①It’s a rough world out there. ②Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your

doormat. ③Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. ④Luckily, if the doormat or

stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your

troubles. ⑤Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more

companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.

(①②③为一个意群，说外面很危险，其中①中的it 为一个具有泛指意义的代词，没有具体的

指代含义，②③为举例说明；④承接前面的例子，补充说明可以通过诉讼获得补偿。注意这句话以

副词开头Luckily，可以看出作者的强调；⑤是对④的再次强调说明，强调就是考点！另外，这个

句子本身有一定的难度，许多参考书上的解释都是错误的。这句话使用了一个倒装，正常的句序是 or the thinking has gone so，so 指代④，or 这儿是 in other words(换句话说)之意，go 为to happen

or develop in a particular way (发生)之意, 而when juries began holding more companies liable

for their customers’ misfortunes.为非限制性定语从句，修饰the early 1980s，因此这句话大意为：

换句话说，这种想法在20 世纪80 年代之后就有了，那时陪审团开始让更多的公司为顾客的不幸

负责。而其它参考书上的“大约自80 年代初以来人们就不再这样认为了，当时陪审团已开始认为更

多的公司应对其顾客所遭受的不幸负责”。从逻辑上来讲与④相矛盾，讲不通。)

1. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [定位与替换] 本题问当事故在20 世纪80 年代发生时，情况是怎么样的。由时间关键词1980s 定

位到第一段第⑤句，句子本身有一定的难度，不过第④⑤句之间没有明显的表示转折关系的连词，

我们可以判定④⑤属于同一个意群，第④句说，一件成功的诉讼也许能够为你的麻烦获得补偿。第

⑤句应该是表达同样的意思。事实上，通过上面的篇章分析，我们可以看到事实也的确如此。因此

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我们选择[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.受伤的顾客有望得 到法律制度的保护。其中Injured customers 可以说是对②③所举例子的抽象化，也可以认为是对 customers’ misfortunes 的同义转换；expect protection from 是对a successful lawsuit 的替换；而

compensate 与hold companies liable for 是同义表达，legal system 则与lawsuit，juries 相关。

[反陷阱提示] [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. 顾客可以通过 诉讼而免除灾难。有许多考生曾经在论坛上提问为什么不选它，其主要原因是没有区分relieve sb.

of sth. 与relieve 的区别，前者是“免除某人某事；解除某人某事；使某人摆脱某事”的意思，试想

一下，灾难都发生了，还怎么移除呢？从逻辑上就是讲不通的。而后者是“缓解”之意，正如 2000

年的阅读中的一个选项use poetry to relieve modern stress(使用诗歌缓解现代的压力)。[C]

Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.通过提供新的警告，公司将会避免

被起诉。首先这儿的providing new warnings 可以说是对第二段第①中writing ever-longer warning

labels 不一致，其次，would avoid 说明能够避免，而文中说的 trying to anticipate every possible

accident，注意这儿的try 表示是一种目标，但从第三段最后一句我们知道有大约一半的公司会败

诉，从而对顾客的不幸负责。[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies

promised.陪审团往往喜欢对公司承诺的赔偿加以挑剔。这句话貌似与最后一句话的定语从句部分

有点形似，但其实两句话的意思相去甚远。文中无信息支持。

(02)①Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels,

trying to anticipate every possible accident. ②Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long

that warn, among other things, that you might—surprise!—fall off. ③The label on a child’s

Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly.”

(①承接上一段段末，对于陪审团开始让更多的公司为顾客的不幸负责，公司做出反应，写出

越来越长的警示标签。②③则是对①的举例说明。有些考生可能会被②中的两个that 搞糊涂， that

warn that you might fall off，作定语从句修饰labels，前一个that 为定语从句的关系代词在从句

1999 年text 1 超精解 [摘选自《超精解(上)》] -12-点点英语bbs.diandian.net

中做主语，可以用which 替换，而第二个that 引导宾语从句，这个that 可以省略。)

(03)①While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions,

for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually

protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. ②About 50 percent of

the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.

(①对生产商做出的反应加以评论，如果顾客受伤了，这些长标签能否保护生产商和销售商还

不清楚；②对①补充说明，结果是，当受伤的顾客把他们告到法院后，约一半的公司是败诉的。)

2. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________.

[定位与替换] 本题问文中提到的生产商往往怎么样。由第二段的第①句的伴随状语trying to

anticipate every possible accident，我们可以知道公司写更加长的警示标签试图预测种种可能的事

故。由第三段第②句我们知道，警示标签能够真正地使生产商和销售商免于责任还不清楚，由此我

们可以得出，公司写更加长的标签的意图是[C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability 充分利用标签来避免法律责任。

[反陷阱提示] [A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products 通过在产品上写长长的

警示来使顾客满意。[B] become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products 在描述产

品不足时显得诚实。[D] feel obliged to view customers’ safety as their first concern 不得不将顾 客的安全放在头等重要的位置。这三个选项的内容在文章都没有提及。

(04)①Now the tide appears to be turning. ②As personal injury claims continue as before,

some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label

probably wouldn’t have changed anything. ③In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports

in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game

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while wearing a Schutt helmet. ④“We’re really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets

aren’t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. ⑤The jury agreed that the

nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete’s injury. ⑥At the same time,

the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations

carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn

customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. ⑦

“Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell law

School who helped draft the new guidelines. ⑧If the moderate end of the legal community has

its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.

(①以Now 副词开头，暗示与之前的情况不同了。②③④⑤为一个意群，其中②交代说明现在

的情况是，一些法院开始站在被告一边了，特别是在警示标签不能改变什么的情况下；③④⑤以具

体的Schutt 头盔的例子证明②。⑥⑦说这种做法得到了法律界专业人士的支持，并提出了原因： 重要的信息会被细枝末节的汪洋所淹没。⑧对法律界的观点作出评论，如果能够实现的话，那么就

是真正为了保护消费者的利益。③的主干为Julie Nimmons successfully fought a lawsuit, 其中

president of Schutt Sports in Illinois 作为Julie Nimmons 的同位语对其加以补充说明，involving a

football player 为现在分词后置做定语修饰a lawsuit，而who was paralyzed in a game while

wearing a Schutt helmet.为定语从句，修饰player。⑥的句子主干为the American Law Institute

issued new guidelines for tort law. 其中破折号中间的内容为对the American Law Institute 做出的

解释说明，whose recommendations carry substantial weight 为定语从句；stating that companies

need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

为现在分词作定语，修饰guidelines，that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers 2010 丁晓钟春季词汇班讲义 点点英语 bbs.diandian.net-13-