专八人文

D. the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unending American dream of

fulfillment

25. As one of the best-known American authors of this century, Ernest Hemingway wrote all the

following novels except______.

A. For Whom the Bell Tolls B. The Green Hills of Africa

C. The Sound and the Fury

D. ―The Old Man and the Sea‖

26. Which of the following is not written by Faulkner?

A. The Sound and the Fury. B. ―A Rose for Emily‖. C. Light in August . D. Tender Is the Night.

27. Which of the following pair of themes did Fitzgerald usually deal with? A. War and peace . B. War and love.

C. Love and money. D. Sense and sensibility. 28. Which one of the following novels is Not written by Saul Bellow? A. Herzog. B. Humboldt’s Gift.

C. Henderson the Rain King. D. The Assistant.

29. One of the best of the novels that mirror the American life during the Great Depression is __________.

A. The Gilded Age B. A Farewell to Arms C. The Grapes of Wrath D. This Side of Paradise

30. Which terms can best describe the modernists‘ concern of the human situation in their

fiction?

A. fragmentation and alienation B. courage and honor

C. tradition and faith D. poverty and desperation

Exercise 11 Language and Linguistics语言和语言学

There are twenty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

1. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the

members of a speech community. A. parole B. Performance C. langue D. Language

2. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings. A. sense

B. sounds

C. objects

D. ideas

3. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the

speaker. This feature is called _______, A. displacement B. duality

C. flexibility

D. cultural transmission

4. The study of language as a whole is often called _______________. A. general linguistics B. Sociolinguistics C. psycholiguistics

D. apllied linguistics

5. The descriptiong of a language at some point in time is a study___________

A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descrpitve D. prescriptive

6. Findings in linguistics studies can often be applied to the solutions of some practical

problems, the study of such applications is known as __________.

A. anthropological linguistics 7. 8.

B. computational linguistics

C. applied linguistics D. mathematical linguistics Which of the following isn‘t a major branch of linguistics? A. Phonology B. Syntax C. Pragmatics D. Speech

As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for ―correct‖ linguistic behaviour, it is said to be ____. A. prescriptive

B. sociolinguistic

C. descriptive D. Psycholinguistic

9. The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play ―Romeo and Juliet‖ ?A rose by any other

name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates ________. A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language

C. the universality of language

D. the big difference between human language and animal communication

10. Chomsky uses the term _________ to refer to the actual realization of a language user‘s

knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performance

11. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language? A. competence

B. parole D. langue

C. performance

12. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolic C. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary 13. The function of the sentence \ nice day, isn't it?\ A. informative C. directive

B. phatic

D. performative

14. What is the most important function of language? A. Interpersonal B. Phatic C. Informative D. Metalingual

15. The function of the sentence ―What a beautiful day!‖ is ____________. A. performative B. emotive

C. informative D. phatic

16. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________ point of view.

A. sociological…psychological B. psychological…sociological C. applied…pragmatic D. semantic…linguistic 17. The study of _________ does NOT form the core of linguistics. A. semantics B. pragmatics C. computer- linguistics

D. phonology

18. __________ is regarded as the ― father of modern linguistics‖? A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Halliday D. Whorf 19. Which word is the absolute arbitrary one?

A. bang B. headache C. rose D. impolite

20. _________ are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level. A. Morphology and semantics B. Morphology and syntax C. Syntax and semantics D. Morphology and phonology

21. The term ________ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which

studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic

B. diachronic

C. comparative D. historical comparative 22. Children can speak before they can read or write shows that ________. A. language is arbitrary

B. language is used for communication

C. language is basically vocal D. language is productive 23. Which of the following is one of the two core branches of linguistics. A. Morphology C. psycholinguistics

B. sociolinguictic

D. anthropology

24. The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by ______. A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday

25. What are the dual structures of language? A. sounds and letters C. letters and meaning

D. the Prague School B. sounds and meanings D. sounds and symbols

Exercise 12 Phonetics语音学

There are twenty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

1. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonant 2. __________ is a voiced alveolar stop. A. [z] B. [d] 3. The sound [f] is _________________. A. voiced palatal affricate

C. [k]

D. [b]

B. voiced alveolar stop

C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative

4. A _______ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the

highest position.

A. back B. central C. front 5. Liquids are classicified in the light of __________. A. manners of articulation C. place of tongue

D. non of the above

D. [f] D. middle

B. place of articualtion

6. In English , there is only one glottal, it is _________. A. [l] B.[h] C. [k]

7. The differnce between [u] abd [u:] us caused by _________.

A. the openess of the mouth 8. 9.

B. the shape of the lips

C. the length of the vowels D. none of the above Of all the speech organs, the ____ is/are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords

All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i.e. rounded, EXCEPT ________. A. [a:]

B. [u:]

C. [ ?]

D. [u]

10. ____________ is the study of all the sounds that occur in the world‘s language. A. Morphology B. Phonetics C. Phonology D. Syntax 11. Which of the following sounds is a back vowel? A. [i] B.[w]

12. [p] is different from [k] in ___________.

C.[e]

D.[u]

A. the manner of articulation B. the shape of lips C. the vibration of the vocal cord D. the place of articulation

13. In terms of the place of articulation， the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of

_______.

A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental 14. Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of_______. A. the velum B. the vocal cords C. the glottis D. the uvula 15. [e] is different from [a] in _________. A. the shape of the lips C. the part of the tongue that is raised 16. Where are the vocal cords? A. In the mouth C. Above the tongue

B. the height of the tongue D. the position of the soft place B. In the nasal cavity D. Inside the larynx

17. Which of the following does NOT belong to the three resonating cavities? A. the pharynx B. the nasal cavity C. the larynx

18. ―The Adam‘s Apple‖ is ____________. A. a kind of apple

D. the oral cavity B. related to Adam

C. the front part of larynx D. on the top of larynx 19. Which of the following is NOT true for vowels?

A. Vowels are sonorants.

B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air. C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels. D. Vowels are also called obstruents. 20. Which of the following English sounds is NOT bilabial? A. [b]

B. [m]

C. [n]

D.[p]

Exercise 13 Phonology音位学

There are twenty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.

1. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can