专转本词汇与结构总复习

谓语用复数

The population in the poor region is increasing very fast． One fourth of the population here are farmers． 1.9 many a+单数名词．后接单数谓语 Many a student has made such a mistake.

2.时态一致 讲过去的事情，那么这个过去的事情中出现的时态就是过去时态，除非作者发表评论可以用现在时态。 在宾语从句中，如果主语是过去时，那么从句中也是过去的某种时态 He said that he would come today (the next day)．

3．肯定与否定一致

主要指用so或者neither来附议前面的人。 My husband is keen on football and so am I. He doesn't like pop music and neither do I. I like it too．

I don't like it either．

(rarely, seldom，never, hardly, scarcely, little) I rarely go to a film．Neither does my wife．

4.代词一致

主要是后面的所有格或宾格与前面的代词一致。 We students must spend most of their time studying．

5．平行结构

平行结构主要指结构上的一致。比如都做宾语，不能一会是不定式，一会是动名词；必须要么全是不定式，要么全是动名词． 当用and，but，both….and，neither...nor…, either…or…，not only…but also….., than等并列连词时，其连接的成分是平行结构。语法结构和作用应相同。

He is a lawyer, a politician and he teaches. He is young, handsome and many people like him. He likes to fish, swim and surfing.

He is criticized for his carelessness and being rude.

例题:

1. The captain, as well as the coaches, ___ impressed by the excellent performance of the team.

A) was B) had C) were D) be 2. The disabled ______ taught trades in special schools. A) is B) are C) had D) has

3. A number of foreign tourists __ going to visit the village tomorrow. A) are B) is C) be D) was

4. The number of automobiles _____ to be limited lest the traffic become too crowded.

A) is B) are C) have D) be

5. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ______ the truth of the murder. A) know B) knows C) is knowing D) are knowing

九 倒装结构

一、副词提前+谓语+主语 Here comes the bus．

There on the roof of the house stood a cock..

二、否定的状语放句首要倒装

never, rarely, seldom, little，hardly, not only…but also，not until，no sooner…than，scarcely…when，on no account，by no means，in no case， under no circumstances，at no time，nowhere

Not until midnight did they finally come back home．

Under no circumstances will they cancel the football match．

No sooner (Scarcely) had the bell rung than (when) the arrived at the classroom．

三、only强调状语放句首

Only then did they realize what a terrible thing had happened．

Only by luck did they escape the earthquake.

四.虚拟语气中省略if则从句倒装

Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have done such a thing.

本来为： If I had known what... Should it snow, we would go skiing. 本来为: If it should snow

五.句首为 so, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such a point, 表示 “如此…”的状语，后面主谓倒装. So funny did he look that everyone stared at film.

To such an extent were people excited that they celebrated throughout the night the success of Beijing's bid for hosting the 2008's Olympic Games.

例题：

1. _______ stress the importance of the test again. A) Little need I B) Little I need C) Little did I need D) Little need I to 2. _____ the trouble started. A) Hardly had he left than B) No sooner had he left when C) Scarcely had he left when D) No longer had he left than

3. They searched for hours, but _____ be found. A) at no time could the missing child B) nowhere could the missing child C) nowhere the missing child could D) in no case could the missing child 4. So badly did he write the letter______.

A) when I couldn't read it B) as I couldn't read it C) so I couldn't read it D) that I couldn't read it

5. 6.

Not only ______ what to do, but he also lent me the money. A) he advised me B) did he advise me C) does he advise me D) he advises me Only by shouting at the top of his voice______. A) was he able to make himself hear B) he was able to make himself hear C) he was able to make himself heard D) was he able to make himself heard

十 虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气的基本构成 虚拟语气在英文里表达： a.假设的事实就是反事实

b.一种不可实现的愿望，也就是异想天开。

c.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。

虚拟语气表现在动词上的基本形式： 1. 对过去事情的虚拟

从句谓语主要形式：had+过去分词

主句谓语主要形式：would，could，might+现在完成时

If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school，I would have got my PhD degree． 2. 对现在情况的虚拟

从句谓语主要形式：一般过去时

主句谓语主要形式：would, could，might+动词原形

If I were Bill Gates，I would not works so hard every day． 3. 对将来情况的可能性的虚拟

从句谓语主要形式：should(were to)+动词原形

主句谓语主要形式：would, could，might+动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing．