FIDIC施工合同条件下的承包商索赔毕业设计

目录

第1章 绪论 ··························································································· 7 1.1 承包商索赔概述 ················································································ 7 1.2 索赔的分类 ······················································································ 7 1.2.1 按索赔目的分类 ········································································· 7 1.2.2 按索赔处理方式分类 ··································································· 8 1.2.3 按索赔发生的原因分类 ································································ 9 1.2.4按合同的索赔分类 ······································································ 11 第2章 承包商索赔的原因 ······································································ 11 2.1 发包人或工程师违约 ······································································ 11 2.2 合同变更与合同缺陷 ······································································ 13 2.3 不可预见性因素 ············································································ 15 第3章 承包方索赔的程序 ······································································ 17 3.1 发出索赔意向通知 ········································································· 17 3.2 资料准备 ····················································································· 18 3.3 索赔报告的编写 ············································································ 19 3.4 递交索赔报告 ··············································································· 20 3.5 索赔报告的审查 ············································································ 21 3.6 索赔的处理与解决 ········································································· 22 第4章 索赔的解决方法 ········································································· 23 4.1 和解 ··························································································· 23 4.2 调解 ··························································································· 23 4.3 仲裁或诉讼 ··················································································· 24 第五章 FIDIC索赔案例分析 ····································································· 25 5.1 索赔背景 ······················································································· 25 5.2 索赔方法及过程分析 ········································································ 25 5.2.1 引言 ······················································································ 25 5.2.2 工期延误一览表 ······································································· 26 5.2.3 索赔概述 ················································································ 26 5.2.4 索赔内容及计算 ······································································· 27 5.3 索赔评析 ······················································································· 31 第六章 索赔成功的关键 ··········································································· 32 6.1 组建强有力的、稳定的索赔班子 ························································ 32

6.2 确定正确的索赔战略和策略 ······························································ 33 6.3 索赔的技巧 ···················································································· 34 参考文献 ······························································································· 38

第一章 绪论

1.1 承包商索赔的概述

在我国的市场经济条件下，工程索赔已经成为建筑市场中的是一种正常的现象。我国的社会主义经济尚未完全成熟和成型，在工程的实际实施过程中，业主不允许承包商索赔，承包商不敢索赔也不懂向业主索赔，监理工程师遇到索赔情况不会处理的情况普遍存在。在建筑市场中,面对这种情况，大力提高业主和承包商对工程索赔的认识，加强对索赔理论和方法的研究，认真对待和搞好工程索赔，已经成为维护国家和企业利益的重要途径,也具有重要意义。

承包商索赔的定义主要表现以下几点：

⑴ 索赔是一种合法的行为是为了维护自身权利的行为，不是无理争利，更不是获得更大利益的手段。承包商索赔要求承包商依据合同和法律的规定，向业主方索回不应该由自己承担的损失，这完全是合理合法合情的，并不是无理取闹。

⑵ 所谓索赔不单单只能由承包商提出，索赔是双向的，还有一种索赔叫业主索赔，业主索赔和承包商索赔实际是一样的都是为了维护双方利益，促进双方共同发展。无论双方的那一方都可向对方提出索赔要求，被索赔的一方可以对提出索赔的一方提出异议，阻止对方的不合理的索赔要求，以求维护自身利益。

⑶ 索赔的依据是签订的合同和有关法律、法规和规章。如果想要索赔成功，那么主要的依据是合同和法律及与此有关的证据。如果在一次索赔过程中没有合同和法律作为依据，也没有依据合同和法律提出索赔所需要的各种证据，那么索赔不能成立。

⑷ 施工索赔的目的。在某个工程的施工过程中，施工方及承包商索赔的目的是为了补偿自己在工期上的损失以及经济的损失。 承包商索赔是在某个工程的施工过程中，承包商根据所签订的合同和法律法规的规定，对某些并非由于自己的过错所造成的损失，或承担了合同规定之外的工作所付的额外支出，承包商向业主提出在经济或时间上要求补偿的权利。在承包工程中,最常见,最具有代表性,处理比较困难的就是承包商向业主的索赔,承包商向业主的索赔也最难成功，所以承包商索赔经常作为索赔管理的重点和主要对象。只有不是承包商自身责任,而时由于业主违约或未履行合同责任或其他原因，如外界干扰所造成的工期的延长和成本的增加,都有可能提出索赔。承包商的索赔也经常有这几个原因引起。

1.2承包商索赔的分类

1.21．按索赔的目的，索赔可以分为工期索赔和经济

这种分类方法，是施工索赔业务中通用的称呼方法。当承包商提出索赔时，要明确提出是要求工期索赔或者是要求经济索赔，工期索赔是要求得到工期的延长，以便工程更好的进行，经济是要求得到经济补偿。当然，无论在什么样的索赔报告论证的文件中，也是为达此目的提出论证材料和合同依据。

1.2.2按索赔处理方式和处理时间不同，可分为单项索赔和一揽子索赔

⑴ 单项索赔。它是指在工程实施过程中，出现了干扰原合同正常进行的索赔事件，承包商为此事件提出的各方面的索赔。如果是因为业主发出设计变更指令而造成承包商成本的增加和工期的延长，那么承包商为变更设计这一事件就可以提出合理的索赔要求，这一索赔事件就可能是单项索赔。应当注意的是单项索赔一般都是在合同中规定的必须在规定的索赔有效期内完成，即承包商在索赔有效期内提出索赔报告并经监理工程师审核后交由业主批准。如果此索赔事件超过规定的索赔有效期限，则该索赔行为无效，也就是说此索赔行为无法完成。因此如果承包商想进行单项索赔，必须有专门的合同管理人员对日常发生的每一个合同事件进行跟踪，一旦发现能提出索赔的事件发生即应迅速研究并决定是否对此事件提出索赔要求。

对于涉及的合同事件比较简单，责任分析和索赔值计算不太复杂，金额也不会太大，双方往往容易达成协议，获得成功的索赔事件，一般采用单项索赔。

⑵ 所谓一揽子索赔，又称总索赔。对于承包商在工程竣工前后，施工过程中已提出但未解决的索赔事件，承包商一般都做一次总结性的汇总，将索赔事件汇总之后再一起向业主提出一份总索赔报告。这个索赔过程一般称之为总索赔。

对于在合同实施过程中的一些单项索赔问题比较复杂，不能立即解决，经双方协商同意留待以后解决的索赔事件叫做一揽子索赔即总索赔。此索赔的原因一般有以下几种：有的是业主对承包商提出的索赔事件迟迟不作答复，采取拖延或“打太极”的办法，使索赔谈判持续的时间非常长，或有的承包商缺乏索赔意识，对合同管理的水平差，平时也没有特别注意对索赔事件的管理，忙于工程施工本身而忽略了索赔的记录和提出，当工程快完工时，才发现自己已经亏了本，或由于业主不付款时或拖延付款，承包商才准备进行索赔，甚至提出仲裁或诉讼。

由于以上种种原因，在处理一揽子索赔时，因为许多干扰事件交织混杂在一起，影响索赔处理的因素比较复杂，有些索赔必须的证据已无法找到，责任分析和索赔值的计算均发生很大困难，使索赔处理和谈判非常艰难。加上一揽子索赔的金额较大，如果承包商不做出较大让步,一揽子索赔很难成功。

因此，承包商所进行的施工索赔，一定要掌握索赔的有利时机，力争进行单项索赔，使索赔在施工过程中一项一项地单项解决,遇到一项及解决一项。若果进行单项索赔实在困难，必需进行一揽子索赔的索赔，也一定要力争在施工建成移交之前与业主完成主要的谈判与付款。如果业主想要无理拒绝和拖延索赔，或