[夯实双基]2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修三学案Unit4Section

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

重要词汇 重要词汇 system n. 系统；体系；制度 theory n. 学说；理论 violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 in time 及时；终于 unlike prep.不同；不像 harmful adj. 有害的 lay eggs下蛋 exist vi. 存在；生存 give birth to产生；分娩 in one's turn轮到某人；接着 prevent ... from阻止；制止 相关提示 牢记该词的基本用法，比如作“系统；体系；制度”讲时是可数名词 掌握该词的用法，比如in theory的含义是“理论上” 注意该词的基本词义及其副词、名词形式 掌握in time的两个含义以及含time的常用短语 注意unlike的反义词是like 牢记harm以及harmful的短语 掌握lay eggs中lay的用法 注意该词的用法及其派生词existence 牢记该短语的用法以及含birth的相关短语，并注意give birth to 与be born的不同用法 注意含名词turn的相关短语 掌握该短语的用法及其同义词组stop...from和keep...from puzzle n．谜；难题 vi.& vt. (使)迷惑；牢记puzzle作为名词和动词的用法 (使)为难 pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 now that 既然 break out爆发；突发 watch out密切注视；当心；提防 注意pull的用法及其反义词push 掌握cheer up 既可以作及物动词短语又可以作不及物动词短语的用法 记住now that作连词，其同义词是since，seeing that 注意break out不用于被动语态，并记住break的相关短语 牢记watch out的用法以及含watch的常用短语 重点句型

1．What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.(what引导主语从句，when引导定语从句)

2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(so...that...如此……以至于……)

3．What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句)

4．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(whether引导主语从句)

5．I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.(现在分词短语watching...作伴随状语)

重点语法

学习主语从句的用法。 写作要求

通过对本单元的学习，能够运用本单元的知识去解决一些科学问题，并能在此基础上提出自己的见解。

Section Ⅰ—Warming Up，Prereading，Reading & Comprehending

一、将单词或短语与相对应的释义搭配起来

A B

1．theory a．different from；not similar to 2．unlike b．to be present or happen 3．prevent...from c．an idea or opinion 4．exist d．causing harm 5．harmful e．to stop/keep...from 二、短语互译

A．温故：从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思。 1．according to ____________ 2．cool down ____________

3．be different from ____________ 4．depend on ____________

B．知新：从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文。 1．及时；终于 ____________ 2．阻止；制止 ____________ 3．下蛋 ____________

4．产生；分娩 ____________ 5．轮到某人；接着 ____________

三、阅读课文HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH，按照地球的形成与发展，给下面的句子排序

( )A Insects and amphibians appeared. ( )B The earth was a solid globe. ( )C Reptiles appeared.

( )D The earth was just a cloud of dust. ( )E Shellfish and all sorts of fish appeared. ( )F Dinosaurs appeared.

( )G Small plants began to grow on the surface of the water. ( )H Plants began to grow on land. ( )I Water began to appear on the earth. ( )J Mammals (including humans)appeared.

四、阅读HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH，回答下列问题 1．How were stars and other bodies created? A．Atoms combined to create them.

B．Clouds of dust combined to create them. C．Water combined to create them. D．Gases combined to create them.

2．Which is the most important for life appearing on the earth?

A．Fire. B．Rock. C．Water. D．Clouds. 3．It can be known from the passage that ______.

A．plants and animals appeared on the earth at the same time B．plants appeared later on the earth than animals C．early shellfish appeared earlier than plants D．animals appeared later on the earth than plants 4．How many years did dinosaurs exist on the earth? A．More than 140 billion years. B．More than 140 million years. C．More than 140 thousand years. D．More than 140 years.

5．Why can the earth become too hot to live on? A．Small clever animals produce more heat.

B．Small clever animals produce too much carbon dioxide.

C．Small clever animals don't want heat to escape from the earth. D．Small clever animals like to live on a hot planet.

答案：一、1.c 2.a 3.e 4.b 5.d

二、A.1.根据；按照 2.变凉 3.与……不同 4.依赖；取决于

B．1.in time 2.prevent...from 3.lay eggs 4.give birth to 5.in one's turn 三、A—7 B—2 C—8 D—1 E—5 F—9 G—4 H—6 I—3 J—10 四、1～5 ACDBB

1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. 在我们的太阳系中，有八颗行星围绕着太阳运转。 考点一：the solar system太阳系

The solar system is the system of planets，satellites，etc.，of which the sun is the center. 太阳系是行星、卫星等的星系，其中太阳是中心。 考点二：system n. 系统；体系；制度 They are designing a road system. 他们在设计一个道路系统。

All the workers are prepared to take over the whole system of production. 所有的工人准备接管整个生产体系。

The present system of education needs improving. 目前的教育制度需要改进。

归纳：system作“系统；体系；制度”讲时为______名词。

单项填空 1)(2011·四川阆中测试)The bank is equipped with a new alarm ______.We can say it's safe and reliable completely.

A．method B．way C．order D．system 翻译句子

2)据说，太阳系是四十五亿年前形成的。

________________________________________________________________________ 2.However，according to a widely accepted theory，the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.

然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。

剖析：句子中的过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory。 如： You should practice your spoken English. 你应该练习你的英语口语。 考点：theory n. 学说；理论

According to Darwin's theories，human beings and monkeys are descended from the same ancient animal.

按照达尔文的学说，人和猴子源于同一种远古动物。 It seems good in theory，but it doesn't work in practice. 理论上它似乎很不错，但实际上却行不通。

归纳：theory既是可数名词也是不可数名词。词组in theory的含义是“______”。

派生词：theoretical adj.理论的；theoretically adv.理论地；理论上

单项填空 1)(2011·福建厦门月考)What we need to learn is how to put ______ into practice. A．belief B．system C．theory D．adventure 2)Without practice there would be no ______. A．happiness B．theory C．knowledge D．learning 用theory的适当形式填空

3)We must carry out our ______as soon as possible. 4)______he was their friend.

5)This work is still______；we haven't tested anything yet. 3．What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.

随后它会变成什么没有人能知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。

剖析：1)What it was to become是一个主语从句，在整个句子中作主语；be to do 这一结构在本句中表示“将要”。如：

We are to attend an important meeting tomorrow morning. 明天上午我们要去参加一个非常重要的会议。

2)until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago为时间状语，until表示“直到……时候”。 3)句子中的when the dust settled into a solid globe 是定语从句，修饰前面的时间between