一般过去时用法及结构

一般过去时的用法及结构

1． 一般过去时的基本用法

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。

【举例】 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。 My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。 2． 一般过去时的基本结构

⑴ 肯定句“主语＋动词过去式＋其他”或者“主语＋was／were＋其他”。 【举例】 I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。 My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。

⑵ 否定句“主语＋didn’t＋动词原形＋其他”或“主语＋wasn’t／weren’t＋其他”。 【举例】 The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。

Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。 ⑶ 一般疑问句“Did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？” 肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋did”，

否定回答为“No，主语＋didn’t”或者“Was／Were＋主语＋其他？” 肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋was／were”，

否定回答为“No，主语＋wasn’t／weren’t”。

【举例】— Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗？

— Yes, we did.／No, we didn’t. 是的，我们去了。／不，我们没有。 — Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧？

— Yes, it was.／No, it wasn’t. 是的，还行。／不，不行。 ⑷ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句（顺序）？

【举例】— What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了？ — He visited his grandparents. 他去看了他的祖父母。 — Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿？ — I was at home. 我在家里。

为了便于记忆行为动词（实义动词）的一般过去时用法及结构，我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。

谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志。 否定形式很简单，主语之后didn’t添。 谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则，主语前面加did。

过去式的构成

be动词和实义动词过去式的构成： ⑴ 系动词be 的过去式有两种形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式，were 是are的过去式。 ⑵ 规则动词过去式的构成：

①一般在动词末尾加—ed。 【举例】walk→walked play→played ②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。【举例】love→loved decide→decided

③结尾是“辅音字母＋y ”的动词。先将y 变为i，再加—ed 。 【举例】study→studied carry→carried

④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加—ed 。 【举例】stop→stopped plan→planned

规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：

过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加—ed 如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上—d 。 “辅音字母＋y ”在词尾，变y为i加—ed 。 “一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加—ed 。

随堂练习：

一．写出下列动词的过去式。

1.am／is ________ 2.do _______ 3.go ________ 4.have _______

5.isn’t _________ 6. aren’t ________ 7.spend________ 8.cook_______ 9.read ________ 10.clean _______ 11.live _______ 12.study_________ 二．用适当的词完成下列对话。

1.— How was your weekend? — It ______ great.

— What _______ you ______ last weekend ? — I _______ some homework. 2.— What ______ she ______ last weekend? — She _______ to the beach. 3.— What _______ they do last weekend? — They ________ to the movies. 三．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday. 3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year? 4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?

5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor. 6.We ________ (have) a party last night.

7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home.

8.— How _______ (be) the students? — They were very friendly.

9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school. 10.We had great fun _______ (play) in the water. 11.That made me ______ (feel) very happy.

12.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? — No, he didn’t. 13.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday. 四．句型转换。

1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month.

2..They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) ______ they _______ football this morning? —Yes, they _______.／No, they _________ . 3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问) _________ _________ they ________ last year. 4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _______ Tom _______ TV last night?

5.Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子) Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ .

—一般现在时的用法与结构

1、一般现在时的定义及构成

一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。 (1) be(am,is,are)动词：(作谓语动词时) 肯定句:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。 如： ①I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词) ②They are hungry.（主语+be动词+形容词） ③He is out.(主语+be动词+副词)

④That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词) ⑤I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词)

⑥The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语) 运用am,is,are写三个句子 否定句：主语+ be(am,is,are) + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 运用am,is,are写三个句子 一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are) +主语+其它。

如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 运用am,is,are写三个句子 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：Where is my bike? 运用am,is,are写三个句子 特殊疑问句：

疑问词（what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour,）,找句子中有没有be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词 （特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词+其他?） (2)行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）。

（作谓语动词时) 1)主语不是第三人称单数时， 肯定句为：主语+动词原形+其它

否定式为：主语+don't+动词原形+其它 疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？ e.g. ①We speak Chinese.

②Do you speak Chinese? ---Yes, I do. / No, I don't. ③They don't speak Chinese. 写三个句子

2)当主语是第三人称单数时： (he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:Lily/book) 肯定句为:主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。 否定式为：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它. 疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？ ①He speaks English.

②He doesn't speaks English.

③- Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 写三个句子 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 3)动词+s的变化规则

(1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes (3)以\辅音字母+y\结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

(3)情态动词（作谓语动词时)(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have to,need,shall,should, will,would)时， 句子结构为：

肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形。

否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形 一般疑问句。情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？

特殊疑问句：疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ Eg: ① He can speak English.

② Can I help you? What can I do for you?

在实际应用中，一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用：

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ……

例句：He usually plays football on Sundays.

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数

talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take__ love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______ 二、句型转换

1. The children have a good time in the park.

否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 2. There is about nine hundred people at the concert.

否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 3. Ann does her homework yesterday evening.

否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 4. I read an English book.

否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 肯定/否定回答：____________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 5. My brother is in the park just now.

否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 一般现在时第三人称单数句型转换练习 1. I go to school before 7:00 in the morning.

( he ) __________________________________________________________ 2. I always go shopping with my mum on Sunday.

( she ) __________________________________________________________ 3.I sometimes play computer games after school on Sunday.

( he ) __________________________________________________________ 4. I always take exercise after class on Monday.

( my mother )__________________________________________________________