2020年高中英语(人教版 选修10)教师用书：Unit 1 Section - Warming U

?swear to do sth.?swear＋that从句??? 发誓…… 发誓不做某事 swear off sth. She swore that she had never seen him. 她发誓她从未见过他。

She made him swear not to tell anyone. 她要他发誓不告诉任何人。 (2)宣誓；起誓 swear sb.in 使某人宣誓就职 He was sworn in a mayor last week. 上周，他宣誓就职市长。 [即境活用8] 完成句子 (1)Donald Trump was_sworn_in_president (宣誓就职总统) in January 2017. (2)I’ve decided to swear_off_smoking (发誓戒烟)．

1．block out封闭(＝block off)；画出……的略图

They had to block out all entrances to stop the spreading of the fire. 他们不得不封住所有入口以阻止大火的蔓延。 I have blocked out a plan of the house. 我已绘出了房子的草图。 block up 阻碍；阻塞；堵塞 Try to block up these holes in the wall. 设法堵塞这些墙上的洞。 [即境活用9] 完成句子 (1)That wall blocks_up (挡住) all the light. (2)This area has been blocked_out (封闭)．

2．hold on坚持；继续；(打电话时用语)请等一下；不要挂断 They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们勉强坚持到救援到来。

Could you hold on? I’ll just see if the manager’s in. 你不要挂断电话好吗？我去看一看经理在不在。 hold down hold back 压低；压制 阻止；抑制，隐瞒 hold on to hold out hold up 抓住；执着于；固守 伸出；持续；坚持到底 举起；阻止 He held up his head and saw Susan in front of him. 他抬起头，看见苏姗在他面前。

[即境活用10] 完成句子 (1)我们可以在这里一直待到我们的贮备品用完。

We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold_out. (2)她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪。 She just managed to hold_back her anger. (3)他到现在还没到，是什么耽误了他？ He hasn’t turned up.What held_him_up?

1．A spider was making its web while Robert the Bruce was watching it in a cave. 罗伯特·布鲁斯正在一个山洞里观看蜘蛛织网。 句中while意为“在……过程中”，while的用法归纳：

While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。

Some people waste food while others haven’t enough to eat. 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。

While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。 You don’t have to worry while we are here. 只要我们在，你就别担心。

though, however, but, while

(1)从词义上看，四个词相近，均表示转折，其中but语气强烈，意为“但是”。

(2)从词性上看，however和though用作副词，当“然而，可是”讲，而but和while用作连词用于连接并列分句。

(3)从句子位置看，but与while一般位于两个分句之间；however位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句尾，而且用逗号与句子分开；though一般置于句末。

It’s an old car, but it’s very reliable. 这是一辆旧车，但是性能非常可靠。

The plan is all right; however, it can be made better. 这个计划不错，不过应该还可以更好。

I’m interested in sports while my brother is fond of music. 我对体育感兴趣，而我弟弟却爱好音乐。 It is expensive. I’ll buy one, though. (那东西)很贵，然而我打算买一个。 [即境活用11]

用适当的连词填空

(1)Schools in the south tend to be better equipped, while those in the north are relatively poor.

(2)The lecturer spoke very fast but very clearly.

(3)This method has been widely adopted. However,_it is not yet clear that it is the best method.

2．So it_was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement：

于是在1914年7月的一个早晨，我极其兴奋地读了以下这则广告： 这是一个强调句型，强调了with great excitement“满怀兴奋地”。

(1)强调句型的基本形式是：“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分”，此句式经常用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语，不可强调表语和谓语。

It was in the library that I met my wife. 正是在这家图书馆我遇见了我的妻子。

(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分？ Was it Tom that came to see me yesterday when I was out? 昨天我不在家时，来找我的是汤姆吗？

(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋剩余部分？ How was it that the little girl got in touch with her father? 这个小女孩是怎样和她爸爸取得联系的？

(4)not ... until的强调句结构：It is/was not until ... that ... It was not until 11 o’clock that her husband came back last night.

昨天晚上她丈夫直到11点才回家。

(5)强调从句：It is/was＋被强调的从句＋that＋其他部分．

It was what the headmaster said at the meeting that really surprised us. 正是校长在会上所说的使我们很吃惊。 [即境活用12]

用适当的词填空/用所给词的适当形式填空

(1)David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature that he chose the course.

(2)It was (be) Mary who gave away the secret.

(3)It is you that are (be) likely to win the contest. (4)Who was it that phoned just now?

(5)When was it that you lost (lose) your luggage? 3

．

Calling

us

calmly

together,

he

made

an_urgent_announcement_that_we_must_save_only_essential_supplies before the ship sank，particularly the small boats，food，cooking equipment，candles，bedding and clothes.

他镇静地把大家召集起来，紧急宣布我们必须在船沉之前只抢出基本给养，尤其是小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、被褥和衣服。

这是一个复合句，calling us calmly together是现在分词短语，在句中作状语；announcement后面接

了一个that引导的同位语从句，在这个同位语从句中，又含有一个before引导的时间状语从句。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

同位语从句中的连接词不指代从句前的名词，而定语从句中的关系词指代其前的先行词，试比较：

The general gave an order that we should set out. (同位语从句) 将军命令我们出发。(其中的that不指代order)

The general gave an order that we must obey. (定语从句)

将军下了一个我们必须服从的命令。(句中的that指代order，并在从句中作obey的宾语)

I visited the school where I used to study.

我拜访了我的母校。(where在从句中作状语，在这里指代in the school) The question where we will have the party is not decided.

我们在哪儿开宴会，这一问题还没有决定。(where在从句中作状语，说明question内容的一部分)