写作的基本要求与技巧

（此类句型也称为\带引导词 there \结构。）

２、两大句子种类

句子按其语法功能和交际功能可以分为两大类: Ａ：按其语法功能分类的句子有三种：

1)简单句：只包含一个主谓结构的句子。例如： He died.

Jane didn't come to my birthday party.

2)并列句: 用并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起的句子。例如： John will sing in the party and Mary will dance. I want to go with you, but I'm not a member of the club.

常见的并列连词有: and, or, but, both...and, either...or,neither. ..nor, not only...but (also), as well as, more than;

3)复合句：用从属连词等连接主句和从句的句子。例如： Jane and Susan were great friends when they were at school. What impressed us most was his skill and knowledge.

常见的从属连词有: after, although, as, because, before,if,?lest, once, since, that, till, until, when, where, whereby, whereupon, whether, while; 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词 when, where,? why, how 等也可以担任从属连词;

一些搭配也可以担任从属连词, 例如: as far as, as if, as long as,? as soon as, as though, except that, for all that, for fear that, in case, in order that, in

that, no matter who (how/when/where), now (that), on condition that,?provided that, providing that,? so far as, so long as, so that, the moment (minute/instant) that 等等。

Ｂ：按其交际功能分类的句子有四种:

1)陈述句：用以表明观点或者陈述事实。例如： He is to blame for the accident. I usually don't go to work on Saturday.

2)疑问句：用以提出问题，主要包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。例如： Is Tom a clerk?

When did the bus leave?

Are you working in a factory or on a farm? You all had a good time, didn't you?

3)祈使句：用以发出命令，提出要求或建议。例如： Be sure to get there before six. Let's start right now!

4)感叹句：用以表达某种强烈的感情。例如： How interesting! What a nice boy he is!

Exercise 1: 根据谓语结构, 指出下列句子属于哪一种句型: 1.He finished in two days.

2.She dressed her children every morning. 3.The meeting will soon be over. 4.This smells really delicious.

5.Sam didn't understand what she was talking about. 6.We gave our classroom a thourough cleaning. 7.I paid him $300 for that second hand car. 8.There won't be any more trouble from now on. 9.We persuaded him to accept our plan. 10.They found the town unchanged. 11.When will you leave?

12.The new secretary liked her job very much. 13.Jack often becomes angry about nothing. 14.None of us considered the matter important.

15.The apple trees in your garden are growing very well indeed. 16.The committee decided not to cancel the match.

17.Every day the two old ladies parted in the early morning and?met late at night.

18.There must have been a plane crash the day before yesterday. 19.Could you please show me the way to the railway station?

20.It's becoming more and more expensive to travel abroad nowadays.

Exercise 2: 说出下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句？

1.I haven't got the book at hand but I'll take it to you later. 2.I don't think he did it on purpose.

3.The earth has only one satellite and we call it the moon. 4.Making people feel comfortable enough to talk freely is a real art. 5.The microscope makes objects appear many times larger than they really are.

6.While a student at Beijing University, he published his first poem. 7.I said nothing more about it because of his parents being there. 8.Go and get me a pack of cigarettes. 9.Start right now or you'll be fired.

10.Most people usually don't understand the value of health until they have lost it.

二、写好句子的基本要求 １、句子的结构要正确

由于语言的基本功不够扎实、缺乏英文写作的基本知识、以及对英、汉两种语言的差别不甚了解，中国学生在英文写作中经常出现一些语言错误，造成写出的句子意思含糊不清，令人费解，严重影响信息的交流。要写出句子结构正确的句子，中国学生应当着重避免犯以下几个方面的错误。 １）语法错误

语法错误主要集中在时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓语人称和数不一致等方面。

病句１：We'll go out for a picnic if it will not rain tomorrow.