室内与家具设计毕业论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献

need an approach that allows them to harness users’ subjective experiences towards the creation of new spatial forms.

The proposed theoretical framework responds to this requirement. It opens up the design process to the subjective and experiential inputs of the various users and stakeholders, based on their perceptions. This process of sharing becomes part and parcel of the process of transformation of the space during its use.

This theoretical framework can be illustrated using a case study example to show how research informs design and how design informs research, both driven by users’ experiences.

4. Case Study: Interior Design for an Elder Care Institution

An elder care institution was designed for a particular aging population. The design was created using the best practices and knowledge sources available, having been renovated about 2 years prior to this study. However, something was not working, because the head nurse of the dementia unit called me and told me about how the residents were being brought to the space and were trying to leave it, thereby rejecting the space in that unit that had been designed for them. Both the head nurse and the staff were perplexed. While the space was beautiful, clean, and appeared to suit its intended purpose, something was not working. When the staff tried to bring the residents to the designated room for specific activities, they promptly began to leave, even though many were wheelchair bound. I was asked to investigate the reasons why and I promptly set out to create a research project to answer why the users were rejecting the seemingly beautiful and functional space designed for them.

Using evidence-based procedures that were theoretically supported by a constructivist paradigm (Guba & Lincoln, 1994; Rose, 2001), the team of researchers proceeded with a three-phase study. In the first phase, existing physical conditions were recorded and the perception of staff and volunteers were collected. Particular attention was paid to the users--elderly residents with dementia. The unit programs, activities, and family social situations were also assessed. Dialogues were arranged with all the stakeholders and users.

Using a combination of observation and visual qualitative data, the issues were recorded, verified, and analyzed. The data consisted of the physical characteristics and spatial elements, as well as the observations and narratives from the conversations the researchers had with various stakeholders, including users, volunteers, nursing staff, and families of the residents.

The data were documented and analyzed using interpretive analytic methods that provide trustworthiness through triangulation (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000; Creswell, 1998; Rose, 2001). This included an analysis of the observations of the physical space, responses from stakeholders, and activities within the spaces.

Epistemologically both the research and design processes are considered to be constructivist in essence (Creswell, 1998; Vaikla-Poldma, 2003). The design researchers sought to understand user perceptions, dynamic social activities, and the spatial capacity to support these different activities, and identified the multiple contexts that were revealed (Poldma, 2006).

The issues raised by the users included a lack of social space for family members to meet, poor ventilation and lighting affecting the visibility and comfort within the space, and an inability to sense the space due to poor color choice for the older residents, who did not “see” the space as a place where they would want to be. The corridors felt like an “abyss” and the space itself was cold and institutional in feel. Another interesting issue emerging from the stakeholders was their diverse perceptions both of the use of the space and of the activities that might unfold. The perspectives varied widely depending on whether one was a resident, volunteer, doctor, nurse, or caregiver.

In the second phase of the study, and once recommendations have been made and accepted by the stakeholders, minor design revisions were proposed and then some renovations were carried out. The recommendations included adjustments in lighting and spatial zoning to rectify the problems identified as leading to the rejection of spaces by the residents. New spaces were created to incorporate social program activities, based on the recommendations by both researchers and care-givers working together.

The third phase of the study consisted of re-evaluating the success of the changes and the responses of all the stakeholders were documented. Overall, the changes improved responses and social activities that satisfied the nursing staff, residents, and families alike (Poldma, 2006). Families were delighted that they were able to socialize with their loved ones, while the staff noticed improvements in the residents’ ability to navigate the spaces with reduced dependence on the staff for their daily activities. In all the three phases of the study, conversations and dialogues contributed to the movement of the study from evaluation to implementation of changes and again to evaluation of the ideas to improve the space.

References

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be. New York: Riverhead/Penguin.

Ainley, R. (Ed.). (1998). New frontiers of space, bodies and gender. London:

Routledge.

Amin, A., & Cohendet, P. (2004). Architectures of knowledge: Firms, capabilities

and communities. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Ardener, S. (Ed.). (1981). Women and space: Ground rules and social maps. New

York: St Martin's.

Bachelard, G. (1969). The poetics of space. Boston: Beacon.

Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1997). Women's

ways of knowing: The development of self, voice and mind. New York: Basic. Botti-Salitsky, R. M. (2009). Programming and research skills and techniques for

interior designers. New York: Fairchild.

Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story

in qualitative research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

将内部空间:通过设计研究,丰富主观经验

狄儿波德玛

工业设计学院，蒙特利尔大学

C 6128，succursale中心城，蒙特利尔，魁北克H3T 1B9，加拿大 摘要

本文探讨的生活经验的隐性知识和在这种形式的知识中涉及的设计研究。据调查，室内设计师在了解用户的生活经验之后，然后再创建设计环境。本文认为，用户体验是一种知识形式，也是设计师是有用的依据的理论框架，提出了用户体验的性质和如何用在设计的过程中。生活体验研究语境中审美在主观的室内设计过程的功能方面的作用，它要求用户来表达他们的意义与需求。案例研究来说明这一过程的各个阶段。

关键词：设计研究；经验知识；隐性知识；动态过程；实用主义哲学；室内空间 1.景区简介

在我们的日常生活中，我们生活的空间，是积极的，变化的，动态的。当设计师设计出各种类型的用途及室内空间设计的经验，他们认为这两个空间的审美素质和人们的经验之间的相互作用，在空间的感觉。然而，人的经验是主观的。这些都是在生活的时刻的，都在有意无意地，在相互作用空间中的空间和其他人。这涉及到知道的一种形式是“隐式的，自然的，日常的存在”而不是“蓄意的，正式的生态认知，思维和知识”（斯托克森，2010，第1节，第。2）。本文探讨了这些隐式形式的认识，并认为设计的可能性将摆脱他们。记录这些形式的认识，需要了解如何设计反映了审美与功能端，同时考虑到直接经验的用户（波德玛&汤普森，2009）。这需要怎样的日常经验的用户的生活世界影响主观意义的理解（舒斯特曼，1997；vaikla波德玛，2003；白，1998）。

这里提出的理论框架链接的经验知识的用户直接交互的环境内认识到链路的动态性质。生活世界的经验作为设计环境的实际工作，他们打算使用基础所提出的理论框架，在基础上的自然哲学思想的生活经验和主观意义，涉及到的用户接受或拒绝一个空间的过程。这些想法是通过使用一个研究项目，观察住宅中的长期生活经验。该研究阐明了如何设计研究员和参与者之间的交流有助于在空间上的变化。 2．室内空间设计 2.1目前的研究

目前，研究人员研究了室内空间的设计，他们倾向于关注或因果关系的人民和他们的环境或相互作用的材料性能和设计之间的空间。通常，环境行为理论的形式设计调查的基础上。