2014从句句型一 定语从句

1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2）“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语，且可以省略。

例如：（1）The school（that/which）he once studied in is very famous.

“that/which”可以省略。= The school in which he once studied is very famous.“which”不可省略。 （2）Tomorrow I will bring here 用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.（T=正确）F This is the watch for which I am looking.（F=错误）

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用“whom”，不可用“who”或者“that”；指物时用“which”，不能用“that”；关系代词是所有格时用“whose”

（1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.（T）The man famous. （2）I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.

四、关系代词关系代词（一般情况下）“that”可用在从句做主语，谓动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语。“which”指物，在从句中作主语；“whom”在从句中作宾语；“why”在从句中修语，先行词通常是“the reason”；有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替。

例：A doctor who looks after people's health.主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词

五、判断介词和关系代词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句

中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。

例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

判断改错:（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one,解析： 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（“where”地点状语，“when”时间状语，“why”原因状语）。

⑻从句区别

限定性从句和非限定性从句的区别

（1）从结构上来看，限定性从句不能用逗号与先行词分开；而非限定性从句却必须用逗号分开。引导非限定性从句的关系代词不能省略。例如：

The clock，which my great-grandfather bought,is still in good order. 这时钟是我曾祖父买的，现 在还是走得很准。

（2）两种形容词性从句往往赋予同一个先行词以不同的含义。例如：

My sister who lives in London is a doctor. 我住在伦敦的妹妹是医生。

My sister,who lives in London,is a doctor. 我的妹妹是一个医生，她住在伦敦。

（3）非限定性从句可以把整个主句当作先行词，而限定性从句没有这种功能。非限定性从句修饰整个主句时，只能用which或as来引导。例如：

I said nothing，which made him still more angry. 我一声不吭，这使他更加生气。

He was a Frenchman,as I could tell from his accent. 他是个法国人，我从他的口音中可以听出来。

He was drunk,which seemed to make a bad impression on the policeman. 他喝醉了，这似乎给警察留下了不好的印象。[3]

⑼特定选择

关系词

1、只用that不用which

1）当先行词是或被序数词，最高级，不定代词修饰时，关系词用that不用which。 2）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。

3）当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时，用that不用which。 4）当主句中有who或which时，为避免重复用that。

5）当先行词为something，anything，nothing，none，no，little，much，all等不定代词时用that。

2、只用who不用that

1）如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that 2）当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时。

3、只用which不用that

1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。This the one of which I'm speaking。 2）非限定性定语从句，用which。

3) 描述句中一般用which。Beijing，which was China's capital for more than 800years。

4）those +复数名词之后，多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best。

5）先行词本身是that时，用which，不用that。

10误区提醒

1）当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。

典型例题：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

解析：两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 答案：A

2）当主语为物时，不能用what

3）there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。 4）当主句中缺少主语或表语时，用the one。

5）当出现先行词+介词时，关系词只能用whom或which

6）当出现先行词+介词时，注意判断介词于从句谓语是否有关系，以确定为定语

从句

■同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you

of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略） ■同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面

一、从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是：idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词.而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句.如: 1）News has reached us that he was admitted into Beijing University. 我们得到消息说他被北大录取 (同位语从句) 2）The news he told us is not true. 他告诉我们的消息是不真实的.(定语从句)

二. 从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如: 1.Do you know the fact that he was diagnosed with cancer? 你知道他被诊断患有癌症这个事实吗 (同位语从句,补充说明promise具体内容.) 2．These are the facts he collected about her crime 这些便是他收集关于他犯罪的证据 (定语从句,facts在从句中作collected的宾语.)

三. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句.如: 1．That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑.(同位语从句) 2．I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事.(同位语从句) 引导词that引导定语从句时,在

从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略.that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替.如: 3．The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了. (同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略..) 4．The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组. (定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略.)