现代大学英语基础写作（下）笔记

Writing

Unit 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Narration (Personal Narratives) (P1-2) ............................................................... 1 2. Coordination & Subordination (P12) .................................................................. 1 Coordination ...................................................................................................... 1 Subordination .................................................................................................... 2 Unit 2 ............................................................................................................................. 2 1. Decription (Places)(P21-22) ................................................................................ 2 2. Parallelism (P31-32) ............................................................................................ 3 Unit 3 ............................................................................................................................. 3 1. Narration (Objective Reports) (P42) ................................................................. 3 2. Action verbs &Active verbs (P52) ...................................................................... 3 Circumstances of using passive voice ........................................................................... 3 Unit 4 ............................................................................................................................. 4 1. Description: objects (P64) ................................................................................... 4 2. Variety(多样性)（P76） .................................................................................. 4 Unit 5 ............................................................................................................................. 5 1. Narration: chain of action (P82) .......................................................................... 5 Showing &telling in narration ...................................................................... 5 2.Task 未教（P93） .............................................................................................. 6 Unit 6 ............................................................................................................................. 6 1. Description: People (P102) ................................................................................. 6 2. Effective Sentences: Conciseness 简明，简洁 (打印) ................................... 6 Unit 7 ............................................................................................................................. 7 1. Narration: Historical Narratives (P126) .............................................................. 7 Unit 8 ............................................................................................................................. 8 1. Personal Letters (P150) ....................................................................................... 8

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Unit 1

1. Narration (Personal Narratives) (P1-2)

1) Types :personal experience/imaginative fiction/historical narrative 2) How to write:

? ①A topic sentence ? ②First person point of view ? ③In chronological order ? ④Using transitions ? ⑤Vivid details

2. Coordination & Subordination (P12)

Coordination

1) Definition :combine ideas/create equal emphasis 2) How to coordinate

? Words &phases :

①A coordinating conjunction

②A pair of correlative conjunction

③In the same kind of grammatical construction ? Clauses ①“,”+”fan boys”

②“;”+”conjunctive adverbs”(however)

3) Coordination

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Subordination

1) Definition :combine ideas/create unequal emphasis 2) How to subordinate

? subordinate clauses :①Subordinating conjunction ②Relative pronouns

◆ Phrase or single words

Unit 2

1. Decription (Places)(P21-22)

1) Definition: a word picture

2) Types : ◆objective: no any personal comment

◆Subjective: free to interpret details

3) Methods of organization:

? ①Using the sense (look ,smells ,sounds) ? ②Using the spatial order(空间顺序) ? ③Using chronological order

4) Tips :

? On a dominant impression (主要印象) ? Don’t use too many adjectives and adverbs ? Precise nouns and vivid verbs

? Don’t qualify every noun with adjective

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2. Parallelism (P31-32)

1) Definition :

Express equally important ideas in the same grammatical form

2) types :

? ①parallel words (gerund 动名词，nouns ,verbs) ? ②parallel phrases (prepositional phrases, verb phrases) ? ③parallel clauses

Unit 3

1. Narration (Objective Reports) (P42)

1) Types ：First person :“I” Third person: “he””she” ”they”

2. Action verbs &Active verbs (P52)

1) Tips:

? ①replace the verb” be”

? ②Don’t overuse the pattern ”there be”

? ③Use the active voice instead of the passive voice(被动)

Circumstances of using passive voice

? ①The performer of an action is unknown or too well-known

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