初中英语所有知识点复习大全

2:15 two fifteen 6:20 six twenty 2）逆读法

30分钟以内：“分钟数+ past +钟点数”，如： 3:20 --- twenty past three 2:10 --- ten past two 半小时用 half，15分钟用 a quarter :

2:15 --- a quarter past two 3:30 --- half past three 30分钟以外要用：“分钟数+ to + 下一个钟点”，如： 4:35 --- twenty-five to five 2:55 --- five to three 2）年月日表示法

年份读法；月日读法；年月日一起读法。 四、分数的表示法

当分数中表示分子的数只含个位数时一般采用“分子（用

基数词）+分母（用序数词）”表示。（分子大于1时，分母序数词用复数）如：

one-third; two-thirds; three twenty-seconds 五、数词与名词的搭配

1）数词与名词连用时，它们的次序是“名词+基数词”

Lesson 15; Room 1506 或者用“the + 序数词 + 名词”

The Fifteenth Lesson the third floor 2）数词与小时的搭配

two hours and a half three hours half an hour

第七课时 形容词

一、概述

形容词修饰名词，说明人或事物或特征。在句中可作定语、

表语、宾语补足语。

The beautiful girl is Tom’s sister.（充当定语）

Three is nothing serious, is there?（充当定语，修饰不定代二、形容词比较级及最高级的形式

1、绝大部分双音节形容词和单音节形容词的比较等级变化是规则变化。

情 况 一般情况 以e结尾的词 以辅音字母+y结尾 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，而且是重读闭音节 变 化 形 式 在词尾直接加-er ; -est 在词尾加 –r ; - st ; 变y为i，加- er; -est 将该辅音字母双写，再加 -er ; -est 举 例 small - smaller - smallest large - larger - largest happy- happier- happiest fat – fatter – fattest thin – thinner – thinnest big – bigger – biggest hot – hotter - hottest 2、部分双音节和多音节形容词比较级和最高级变化形式

在多音节形容词前加more或most

beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful useful – more useful – most useful 3、不规则形容词比较级和最高级形式： good, well – better – best many, much – more – most

bad, ill – worse – worst little – less – least

Miss Zhou is one of the most popular in our class He is the oldest of the three

of 常与名词复数或表示数量的词连用。表示“在…之

中”这一。in常与表示范围或场所的名词连用“在…范围之中”

四、形容词比较级特殊用法

1）more and more比较级连用表示“越来越……” In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer. He is getting busier and busier. 2）The more … the more 越…就越…

The larger the bus is , the more people it can carry. The farther away an object is from us, the smaller it looks. 3）比较级形式表达最高级： 比较级+than any other+名词单数； 比较级+than the other+名词复数 He is clever than any other boy ---- He is the clevest of all the boys ---- He is clever than the other boys

4、修饰比较级的副词有much, even , quite , a little, a lot等

表示“得多”“甚至”，表示程度。 词的形容词及短语要放在不定代词之后）

The shoes in the shop were not very expensive.（作表语） The old are looked after well.（有些形容词和定冠词the连

用时，表示一类人或物，其谓语动词用复数形式）

far – farther, further – farthest, furthest 三、形容词的比较等级的用法

1、当A=B时，则用as（副）…as（介，连）…，中间用

形容词或副词的原级。表示甲与乙在某方面一样

He is as tall as I (me)

2、A≠B，则用not as(so)…as… 表示甲与乙在某方面不一样。

He is not so tall as I = He is shorter than I =I’m taller than he The boy isn’t as careful as that one = This boy isn’t as careful than that one

3、比较级+than 形式

This lesson is more difficult than that one She is fatter than Kate

4、the+最高级+(in of)短语 一、概述

第八课时 副 词

副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词，表示动作的特征、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。

二、副词的分类

时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、疑问副词及程度副词。 1、时间副词：时间副词表达的内涵包括回答“什么时候”

或“经常与否”

A: how, then, yesterday, last time, today, just now, later on, so

far, ago;

B: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, hardly, ever; C: already, yet, late, early, soon, at once, at last, finally, at first,

since;

2、地点副词：表示地点或位臵关系的副词。 A: here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere;

B: above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, over, round,

away, near;

注：B类中表示位臵的副词有时也可作介词。 如：come in, please----- They live in the next room. 3、方式副词：badly, carefully ,politely, sadly, suddenly,

happily. well, fast, high, hard.

4、 程度副词：常见的有: much, a little, a bit, very, even, so,

too, enough, quite, rather, completely, terribly, nearly, hardly, not at all。这些副词多用来修饰形容词、副词或动词以加强语气。

5、 疑问副词：是用来引导一个特殊问句，有时用来引导

时间状语从句或宾语从句。

疑问副词有：how, when, where, why, who 6、部分副词的用法：

1）too, either, also都是表示“也”。

too和either都用于句末，too用于肯定句中，either用于否

定句及一般疑问句中，also放在句子中，BE动词前，实义动词后。

2）so, neither都可以用在倒装句的开头。

so接在肯定句后表示“也一样”，句式：so+助动词+主语； neither接在一个否定句后面表示“也不，没…….” 句式：neither+助动词+主语 I have read the book, so has he.

Jim didn’t win the game, neither did Tom. 3）already, yet

already 和yet通常用于现在完成时中，already用于肯定

句，yet用于否定句和疑问句中。

He has already finished his homework. Jim hasn’t come back yet. 7、副词的比较等级

副词和形容词一样，也有比较级和最高级，其变化形式与

形容词的比较比较级和最高级一样。

第九课时 介 词

一、知识概述

介词是一种虚词，一般在句子中不重读，也不能单独充当

句子成分，但与它的介词宾语一起构成介词短语，就可以在句子中作状语、定语和表语。

介词又称前臵词，一般位于名词或代词的前面，表示该词

与句子其他成分的关系。在学习介词时，最重要的是掌握介词的用法，动介词组的搭配，时间介词、方位介词、方向介词、位臵

介词、成语介词以及动向介词和静向介词的比较和区别。

二、介词的定义及句法功能

介词是一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示

其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词后的名词，或相当于名词的其他词组、短语或从句，称为介词宾语。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语在句中主要用作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。

The boy over there is my brother.（作定语） A friend in need is a friend indeed.（作定语）

I shall meet you at the entrance of Qianmen Hotel.（作地点状语）

To their surprise, they saw not locusts, but seagulls.（作原因

状语）

I’ll be in the office every afternoon.（作表语） He isn’t at home（作表语）

The farmer made the king out of the water.（作宾语补足语） I found everything in good order（作宾语补足语） 三、介词与其他词类的固定搭配。

介词和动词、形容词、名词等常构成固定搭配。也就是说，

在这些词的后面，常常要求用一定的介词。

1、形容词与介词的固定搭配

有些形容词后面要求用固定的介词，这类介词常见的有： about, at, for, from, in, of, to, with （1）

形容词+about

careful about hopeful about

sure about

He is careless about his clothes

（2）形容词 +at good at surprised at angry at （3）形容词 + for

famous for

ready for

sorry for

I’m terrible sorry for telling him the truth. （4）形容词 + from different from

safe from

He was absent from class this morning My sister is different from me in many ways. （5）形容词 + in interested in

successful in

He is interested in making model ships. 2、名词与介词的固定搭配 （1）

名词 + for

He made up an excuse for being late. Did you find the cause for your failure? （2）

名词 + in

He has some difficulty in translating the book She has made great progress in English. （3）

名词 + of

She found another way of solving the problem He forms a bad habit of getting up late （4）

名词 + on

There have been several attacks on foreigners recently.

Have pity on me! （5）

名词 + with

I wanted to have a talk with you

He is always getting into trouble with the police

第十课时 连 词

一、知识概述

连词是一种虚词，不能在句子中单独作句子成分，也没有

句子重音，在句子中只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子以及从句的作用。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种。并列连词是连接彼此并列关系的词。从属连词是用来引导从句的词。

二、并列连词

并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。并列

连词按其作用可分为表示转折、因果、选择和联合关系等四大类。

表示联合关系的连词，常见的有：and, not only……but also,

as well as, both…and, neither…nor….

Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and American.

They were very surprised and I knew that I had done the right thing.

Work hard and you’ll pass the exam =If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam.

While I was in the university, I learned both English and Japanese.

Both European and Asian speak Russia

You can’t speak both American English and British English at

the same time.

Neither Tom nor you are a driver. Neither I nor he has seen the play. Neither of us is a teacher You don’t like it, Neither do I . She is beautiful as well as clever.

He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor. 三、从属连词

从属连词是用来连接各种从句的词

1、连接主语从句、表语从句与宾语从句的连词只有三个，

即that, if, whether。如：

Ask her if she will come with me.

The reason is that she never wasted her time. I don’t know whether he had passed the exam. 2、引导状语从句的从属连词

(1) 连接时间状语从句的从属连词有：since, until, after,

before, when, while, as soon as, whenever.

I’ll tell you as soon as I know.

(2) 连接地点状语从句的从属连词有: where, wherever Sit wherever you like.

I found my books where I had left them.

(3) 连接让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though,

even if, however.

Although she was tired, she kept on working.

(4) 连接原因状语从句的从属连词有：as, because, since, now that,

He was absent because he was ill.

(5) 连接目的状语从句的从属连词有：that, so that, in order that.

He raised his voice so that we could hear him.

(6) 连接条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, once, in case.

You’ll miss the train unless you hurry up.

(7) 连接结果状语从句的从属连词有：so…that, such…that. He came so late that he missed the class.

(8) 连接比较状语从句的从属连词有：as…as…, not

so…as…, less(more)…than, the …the…

This is more than I can accept.

(9) 连接方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if It looks as if it was going to rain.

第十一课时 动 词（一）

一、知识概述

在英语中，每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语。说明主

语“是什么”或“做什么”，动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词和名词、代词一样，有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般要与主语的人称和数保持一致。

学好了英语动词相当于学好了一半的英语语法，可见英语

动词的重要性。在初中英语中，动词的分类、动词的时态和语态以及动词的各种形式之间的联系，非谓语动词的构成、用法等等贯穿整个初中课本，包括英语句型都离不开动词时态或语态，因此在学习时特别要注意英语中时态的运用和语态之间的区别。

二、动词的分类及作用

按照动词的词义和在句中的作用，英语动词可分为行为动

词（又叫实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1、行为动词

表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。如： She took pictures of trees He is typing letters.

行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 （1）及物动词

及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。 I enjoyed the film very much I gave the child another piece of cake. 常见的能带两个宾语的动词有：

bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend,

make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.

（2）不及物动词

本身词义完整，后面不要求跟宾语。如： Horses run fast. They work in a factory.

She curled up in bed and began her book. 2、连系动词

（1）本身有词义，不能在句子中单独作谓语，必须和表

语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, become.

My father is an engineer. My brother has become a doctor. It seems that he was a millionaire.

I don’t feel very well today.

（2）表示感觉知觉的动词可以是连系动词，如feel, touch,

sound, smell.

I can smell the sea.

The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases. I feel a pain in the arm. She looked worried about it. 3、动词与介词的固定搭配

动词与介词的搭配主要指下列两种形式： （1）动词+宾语+介词

The song always reminds me of my school days. Parents usually expect a lot of their children. I often take her for her sister. He hide everything from me. The headmaster praised the boy for his courage. They supplied people with enough food and drink. They presented us with a lot of flowers. The man was charged with mueder. （2）动词+反身代词+介词 dress oneself in; give oneself to

prepare oneself for pride oneself on

He gives himself to pop music. She always dresses herself in white. 第十二课时 动 词（二）

一、动词的形式

大多数动词有四种基本形式：

1、现在式；2、过去式；3、过去分词；4、现在分词；

现在式是字典中所给的形式，也可称为动词原形。按照动词各种形式的构成方法，动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。

1、第三人称单数形式；加-s的规则

动词一般现在时单数第三人称形式的构成和名词复数的构成法及读音完全一样。

情 况 一般情况 以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的名词 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词 加-s 加-es 变y为i, 加es 变化形式 例词 helps makes gets guesses fixes goes washes flies cries tries studies 2、动词的过去式和过去分词：构成动词-ed形式的规则。

（1）规则变化的过去式和过去分词的构成是一样的。都加-ed。

构成规则 一般在动词原形末尾加ed 结尾是e的动词加d 以辅音字母加y的动词，改y为i加ed 动词原形 look play live hope study carry 变化后 looked played lived hoped studied carried stopped dropped fitted 重读闭音节的，又写最后一个辅音字母，stop drop fit 再加ed ① 有些动词的三种形式一样。如： bet ;

burst;

cast;

cost; cut;

hit; hurt; let;

read; shut;

（2）不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的，可以查不规则动词变化形式表。

spread

drink, drank, drunk

eat, ate, eaten

rise, rose, risen

② 下面是一些易误用的不规则动词 bear, bore, born fly, flew, flown

bite, bit, bitten blow, blew, blown draw, drew, drawn

hide, hid, hidden swim, swam, swum

lend, lent, lent mean, meant, meant tear, tore, torn throw, threw, thrown

ride, rode, ridden

shake, shook, shaken wear, wore, worn

3、英语动词的现在分词，一般在动词末尾加-ing。 规 则 一般情况 以不发音的e结尾的 以重读闭音节结尾的 以ie结尾的

加ing 去e,再加ing 双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing 先将ie变为y，再加ing 变化形式 例 词 going asking writing closing getting beginning dying lying tying 第十三课时 动 词（三）

教学重点

一、助动词

助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词

一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式，