2018版高考英语二轮（浙江专用）训练题：专题限时集训（七） 训练7 篇章结构题 Word版含解析

专题限时集训(七) 阅读理解

训练7 篇章结构题

(对应学生用书第147页) A 【导学号：38144032】

(2017·浙江考前联考)

Europe was once a mixture of Latin-derived (起源于拉丁语的) dialects that gradually，over the centuries，changed into a few separate languages — French，Portuguese，Spanish，Italian.What happened in France，Portugal and Spain was an organic evolution: the dialect of the most prominent city gradually became the accepted language of the whole region.The strongest city determined the language of the whole country.

Italy was different.It didn't get itself united until 1861 and until then was a land of warring city-states ruled by proud local princes or other European powers.So it's not surprising that，for centuries，Italians wrote and spoke in local dialects that were not possible for each other to understand.

In the sixteenth century，some Italians got together and decided that this was absurd and Italy needed an Italian language，at least a shared written language to remove communication obstacles.So this gathering hand-picked the most beautiful of all the local dialects and crowned it Italian.What they decided was the personal language of the great poet Dante Alighieri.It was in this“ sweet new style”of dialects that his masterpiece Divine Comedy(神曲)，which was published in 1321，was written.It shocked the literature world that it was not written in Latin.

Dante's masterpiece helped shape Italian，affecting it as personally as Shakespeare would someday affect English.For a group of nationalists much later in history to have sat down and decided that Dante's Italian would now be the official language of Italy would be very much as if a group of Oxford teachers had sat down one day in the early nineteenth century and decided that — from this point forward — everybody in England was going to speak pure Shakespeare.And it actually worked. 【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了意大利语的起源。

1．The underlined word“prominent” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

“ ”．

A．comfortable C．important

B．beautiful D．ancient

C [考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“The strongest city determined the language of the whole country”可知，最重要的城市的方言逐渐变成被整个地区认可的语言，画线词表示“重要的”，所以选C项。]

2．What can we learn about Italy from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 ?

A. A national Italian language was in need as people hated wars. B．There was no written language in Italy before the 16th century.

C．Some Italians had the great poet Dante create the national Italian language. D．Literature works were supposed to be written in Latin before the 14th century.

D [考查推理判断。根据第二段内容以及第三段中的“It shocked the literature world that it was not written in Latin”可推知，当时如果作品不是用拉丁语写的话，人们会感到非常震惊。由此可推知14世纪前的作品普遍都是用拉丁语写的，故选D项。]

3．How is the passage developed?

A．By analysing effects. B．By making comparisons. C．By offering descriptions. D．By telling a story.

B [考查文章结构。通读全文可知，文章中作者多次通过对比的方式，如意大利语与拉丁语的比较，但丁的《神曲》与莎士比亚作品的比较，来构建全文框架，所以选B项。]

B

(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校联考二)

Technology activists are appealing to tech companies and their leaders to build a future in which the effect of machinery on humans is lessened.Robots now are doing more work than ever before.Lasers are being used to cut cloth at factories，while drone aircraft water crops.So some workers have long feared that machines are

coming to take away their jobs.

Tim O'Reilly，the head of a technology advisory service，says it is important for people and machines to work together.He says most computer software depends on human beings to keep it operating.“ It's so important that we have to think about not using technology to replace people — but to augment them，to do something that was previously impossible，” O'Reilly said.He spoke last week at the conference in Ho Chi Minh City，in Vietnam，Asia.

With more skills，people can work with machines，O'Reilly noted.For example，the ride-sharing companies Lyft and Uber use software designed to help human drivers.Most large airplanes are now flown by computers.But passengers will likely always want a human pilot on the plane.

O'Reilly said the world needs people.He told the conference's delegates that“all of you，in some sense，are inside the Internet.If you go away，it stops working.It's not like a piece of software in the PC era where if you had a copy of Microsoft Windows running on your personal computer，it would keep running without the original programmers.Almost all of the software we depend on today is a service that depends on the work of people like you.”

While some experts believe robots will help in the future，others are worried.In 2015 the consulting service McKinsey & Company said machines will someday perform 45 percent of the jobs humans now do.That may be why many technology experts support the idea of universal guaranteed earnings.Under the plan，a small monthly payment would be made to each person，even if they do not work.

Many delegates at the conference support technology and the changes it will bring.But many are also starting to think about its effect on humans and how to help people live in a world where machines do so much work.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们对科技发展的不同观点。 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

A． B． C． D.

A [考查篇章结构。根据全文可知，第一段阐述了现状——科技发展影响人们就业，引出主题；第二至五段分别阐述了人们对此的不同观点，其中第二至四段是人们对科技发展的正面评价，第五段是负面评价；最后一段又是对全文的总结。故选A。]

5．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“augment”in Para.2?

A．to take the place of B．to increase the role of C．to make a big difference to D．to turn a blind eye to

B [考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“‘we have to think about not using technology to replace people — but to augment them，to do something that was previously impossible’”可知，文中前后表达了转折关系，augment与replace的意思应是相反的，又由“to do something that was previously impossible”可推知，此处应指增强人类的作用。] 6．We can probably find this passage in ．

A．a fashion magazine B．a travel journal C．a technology report D．an admission guide

C [考查文章出处。根据文章第一段和第二段中的“He spoke last week at the conference”以及最后一段的“Many delegates at the conference”可知，文章很可能来自科技大会中有关科技的报告。]

C 【导学号：38144033】

(2016·北京高考)

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In