《微生物学》试题样题参考

PART Ⅱ. SINGLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (1×50=50%)

C1. A prominent difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the a. larger size of prokaryotes b. lack of pigmentation in eukaryotes c. presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes d. presence of a cell wall in prokaryotes

D2. Which scientist is the most responsible for final laying the theory of spontaneous generation to rest?

a. Joseph Lister b. Robert Koch c. Francesco Redi d. Louis Pasteur D3. Which of the following are prokaryotic?

a. bacteria b. archaea c. protists d. both a and b

B4. The term culture refers to the ＿ growth of microorganisms in ＿ . a. rapid,an incubator b. macroscopic,media c. microscopic,the body d. artificial,colonies

D5. Agar is superior to gelatin as a solidifying agent because agar a. does not melt at room temperature b. solidifies at 75℃ c. is not usually decomposed by microorganisms d. both a and c D6. Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells? a. cell membrane b. a nucleoid c. ribosomes d. capsule A7. The major locomotor structures in bacteria are a. flagella b. pili c. fimbriae d. cilia

C8.Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function? a. transport b. motility c. support d. adhesion

B9.Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?

a. an outer membrane b. peptidoglycan c. teichoic acid d. lipopolysaccharides B10.Bacterial endospores function in

a. reproduction b. survival c. protein synthesis d. storage D11.Features of the nuclear envelope include a. ribosomes b. a double membrane structure c. pores that allow communication with the cytoplasm d. b and c e. allofthese

D12.The cell wall is found in which eukaryotes? a. fungi b. algae c. protozoa d. a and b B13. Yeast are ＿ fungi,and molds are ＿ fungi. a. macroscopic,microscopic b. unicellular,filamentous c. motile,nonmotile d. water,terrestrial C14.In general,fungi derive nutrients through a. photosynthesis b. engulfing bacteria c. digesting organic substrates d. parasitism

C15.A hypha divided into compartments by cross walls is called a. nonseptate b. imperfect c. septate d.perfect

D16.A conidium is a/an ＿ spore,and a zygospore is a/an ＿ spore. a. sexual,asexual b. free,endo

c. ascomycete,basidiomycete d. asexual,sexual C17.A virus is a tiny infectious

a. cell b. living thing c. particle d. nucleic acid D18.Viruses are known to infect

a. plants b.bacteria c.fungi d. all organisms

B19.The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the ＿ of its host cell. a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. glycocalyx d. receptors D20.The nucleic acid of a virus is

a. DNA only b. RNA only c. both DNA and RNA d. either DNA or RNA A21.The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are a. adsorption,penetration,replication,maturation,and release b. endocytosis,uncoating,replication,assembly,and budding c. adsorption,uncoating,duplication,assembly,and lysis

d. endocytosis,penetration,replication,maturation,and exocytosis B22.Enveloped virues carry surface receptors called a. buds b. spikes c. fibers d. sheaths D23.Viruses can not be cultivated in

a. tissure b. bird embryos c. live mammals d. blood agar

A24.Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are a. plaques b. pocks c. colonies d. prions

C25.An organic nutrient essential to an organism’s metabolism that cannot be synthesized itself is termed a/an

a. trace element b. micronutrient c. growth factor d. essential nutrient A26.An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a a.photoautotroph d.chemoheterotroph

b.photoheterotroph

c.chemoautotroph

C27.Chemoautotrophs can survive on ＿ alone. a. minerals b. CO2 c. minerals and CO2 d. methane B28.Which of the following statements is true for all organisms? a. they require organic nutrients b. they require inorganic nutrients c. they require growth factors d. they require oxygen gas B29.Active transport of a substance across a membrane requires a.gradient b. the expenditure of ATP c. water d. diffusion

C30.The time required for a cell to undergo binary fission is called the a.exponential growth rate b.growth curve c.generation time d.lag period B31.In a viable plate count,each ＿ represents a ＿ from the sample population.

a. cell,colony b. colony,cell c. hour,generation d. cell,generation A32.During the ＿ phase,the rate of new cells being added to the population has slowed down.

a. stationary b. death c. lag d. exponential growth B33.＿ is another term for biosynthesis.

a. catabolism b. anabolism c. metabolism d. catalyst

A34.Catabolism is a form of metabolism in which ＿ molecules are converted into ＿ molecules.

a.large,small b.small,large c.amino acid,protein d.food,storage C35.An enzyme ＿ the activation energy required for a chemical reaction. a. increases b. converts c. lowers d. catalyzes

C36.In negative feedback control of enzymes,a buildup in the amount of ＿ decreases the activity in the enzyme. a. substrate b. chemical c. product d. ATP D37.What is the smallest unit of heredity?

a. chromosome b. gene c. codon d. nucleotide

B38.DNA replication is semiconservative because the ＿ strand will become half of the ＿ molecule.

a. RNA,DNA b. template,finished c. sense,mRNA d. codon,anticodon B39.The base pairs are held together primarily by

a. covalent bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. ionic bonds d. gyrases C40.Why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated in short pieces? a. because of limited space

b.otherwise,the helix will because distorted

c. the DNA polymerase can synthesize in only one direction d. to make proofreading of code easier

A41.Messenger RNA is formed by ＿ of a gene on the DNA template strand. a. transcription b. replication c. translation d. transformation B42.Transfer RNA is the molecule that a. contributes to the structure of ribosomes b. adapts the genetic code to protein structure c. transfer the DNA code to mRNA

d. provides the master code for amino acids

A43.As a general rule,the template strand on DNA will always begin with a. TAC b. AUG c. ATG d. UAC

A44.The lac operon is usually in the ＿ position and is activated by a/an ＿ molecule.

a. on,repressor b. off,inducer c. on,inducer d. off,repressor A45.The repressible operon is important in regulating ＿ .

a.amino acid synthesis b.DNA replication c.sugar metabolism d.ATP synthesis

B46.Which of the following characteristics is not true of a plasmid? a. It is a circular piece of DNA. b. It is required for normal cell function. c. It is found in bacteria. d. It can be transferred from cell to cell. A47.Which of the following is not essential to carry out PCR?

a. primers b. DNA polymerase c. gel electrophoresis d. high temperature D48.A microbicidal agent has what effect? a.sterilizes b.inhibits microorganisms

c.is toxic to human cells d.destroys microorganisms

B49.Any process that destroys the non-spore-forming contaminants on inanimate objects is

a.antisepsis b.disinfection c.sterilization d.degermation B50.High temperatures ＿ and low temperatures ＿ . a.sterilize,disinfect b.kill cells,inhibit cell growth

c.denature proteins,burst cells d.speed up metabolism,slow down metabolism

PART Ⅲ. SPACE FILLING (ANSWER IN ENGLISH) (10%)

1. Microbiology is the study of _BACTERIA_____ ,fungi,viruses,protozoa,and algae,which are collectively called microorganisms or _MICROBES________.(2%)

2. The cell envelope is the outermost covering of bacteria.It consists of three basic layers:⑴ the glycocalyx,⑵ __CELL _WALL_____________,and ⑶CELL MEMBRANE .(2%)

3. Some bacteria that ordinarily have a cell wall can lose it during part of their life cycle.These wall-deficient forms are referred to as _L-FORMS_______(for the Lister Institute,where they were discoverred) .(1%)

4. Archaea,the other prokaryotes,are often called_EXTREMOPHILES_ ,because they still live in the remaining habitats on the earth that have these same ancient conditions-the most extreme habitats in nature.(1%)

5. The range of temperatures for microbial growth can be expressed as three

cardinal temperatures,including MINIMUM_________temperature, maximum temperature,and ___OPTIMUM________temperature. (2%) 6. TDP means __THERMAL_DEATH_____POINT_______. (1%) 7. arg operon belongs to _____________operon. (1%)