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高考英语语法词汇单选易中圈套
有许多试题，从表面上看是甲结构，而实际是乙结构；或者命题人考查的是甲结构，而应试者却将其误认为是乙结构；或者从选项来看是甲结构，而题干考查的实际上是乙结构等等。对于这类问题，若不仔细识别，则很容易出错。下面请看几个实例：
1. We keep in touch _____ writing often. A. with B. of C. on D. by
这应该是一个比较简单的问题，你能选对吗？此题考查的是keep in touch with这个短语吗？
2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
此题答案是选B吗？考查的是“have +名词或代词+过去分词”这个结构吗？如果是考查这个结构，你能解释理由吗？如果不是，你能说出是考查哪个结构吗？
3. Whom would you rather _____ with you, Jim or Jack? A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go
从选项来看，似乎选B、C、D均可以，因为have to go, have gone, has to go等本身从语法上看都是可能的，而最不可能选的就是A，因为have go这结构本身就有点怪，似乎不妥。同学们，你也这样认为吗？但其实正确答案正是A，你想知道是为什么吗？
本节搜集了一些同学们可能受结构影响而出错的典型问题，希望对大家解此类题有些帮助。
1.这里为什么要用过去分词
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out
此题结构比较复杂，语言基础较差的同学可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这样的：that they would like to see the next year是修饰名词the plan的定语从句，而在这个定语从句中，关系代词that (即指先行词the plan)用做动词see的宾语，所以定语从句的本来面目便是they would like to see the plan the next year。显然，其中的the plan与横线处的carry out有被动关系，故应填过去分词carried out，即此题正确答案为A。
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2.是protect ... from还是prevent ... from
(1)Use an umbrella to _____ you from the rain. A. stop B. prevent C. keep D. protect
许多同学一看到题干中的from，再联系到选项中的prevent，便马上想起了prevent ... from ...这个常用搭配，于是选择了B答案。这样分析的同学，没有完全弄清prevent ... from ...的用法特点。在prevent A from B这一句式中，A和B通常具有主谓关系，如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我们不能出去)中，“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点，此题正确答案应是D，protect ... from ...意为“保护??免受??”。下面一题也应选protect：He was wearing dark glasses to _____ his eyes from the sun. A. prevent B. Protect C. Keep D. stop请再看一例：
(2)He was in great need of money, so he _____ $5, 000 for his car. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
许多同学根据pay ... for ...这一搭配推断出此题应选Ａ。但是错了，当然若单独说He paid $5 000 for the car (他付了5 000美元买这车)也没什么不妥，但问题是，本句前面有这样一句He was in great need of money (他急需要钱)，既然是“急需要钱”，又怎么还会花5 000美元去买车呢？尤其还需注意的是car前的物主代词his，这说明是为自己的车花5 000美元，不合情理。此题的正确答案是B，take在此表示“获得”，句意为“他急需要钱，把自己的车以5 000美元给卖掉了”。
3.是考查keep in touch with这一短语吗？ We keep in touch _____ writing often. A. with B. of C. on D. by
许多同学根据keep in touch with (与??保持联系)这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是选A错了，因为套此搭配此句意思不通，正确答案应是D，by表示方式，by writing意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。 4.这是谓语动词并列还是非谓语动词并列？ (1)They weren’t a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and _____ defeat.
A. accept B. accepted C. accepting D. to have accepted
此题容易误选B，误认为accepted与谓语refused并列。其实，最佳答案为A，动词accept与give并列。
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(2) Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then _____ off the gas.
A. turn B. turning C. turned D. having turned
答案为A，turn off the gas与 watch the milk until it boiled并列。 (3)He just does what he pleases and never _____ about anyone else. A. think B. thinks C. thinking D. thought
答案选B，thinks与前面的does为并列谓语，同用一般现在时。 (4)I don’t know whether to stay in teaching or _____ another job. A. trying getting B. to try to get C. trying to get D. try get
答案选B，to stay in teaching与to try to get another job为两个并列的选择成分，故同用不定式。另外比较：try to do sth=设法做某事，try doing sth=做某事看看有何效果。
5.这个句子涉及两个结构
Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting—I’ve got too much work _____.
A. to do to come B. doing comingC. to do coming D. doing to come
此题最佳答案为A，不定式to do与have got much work搭配，即have got much work to do (有许多工作要做)；不定式to come与much前的too搭配，构成too ... to ...句式，全句意为“我有太多的工作要做，不能来”。 6.此处为什么填have go而不填have to go?
(1)Whom would you rather _____ with you, Jim or Jack? A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go
有的同学一看选项便首先排除了A，认为have go这种结构本身就有问题。而事实上此题的正确答案正是A。请同学们先看下面一句： I would rather have Jim go with me.我宁愿要吉姆同我一道去。 句中的have为使役动词，所以其后用做宾语补足语的不定式go with me不带to。假若对此句中的Jim提问，不就成了Whom would you rather have go with you了吗？
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(2) Who did the teacher _____ an article for the wall newspaper? A. has write B. have write C. has written D. have written
此题很容易误选C或D，因为从选项本身来看，A和B的搭配结构显然不对。其实，此题的正确答案是B，此句可通过对下面一句的Jim提问得来：The teacher had Jim write an article for the wall newspaper.其中的had为使役动词，故其后用做宾语补足语的不定式短语to write ...不带to。 7.这是强调结构，但同时包括有定语从句
(1) It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where
答案选A。填对此句的关键是要弄清第二空必须填 that，因为这是一个强调句，被强调部分为in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句which was built with stones by his father)；第一空填which，用以引导定语从句。 (2) It was the boy had been in prison stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是the boy以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison。
(3) It was just in this room _____ he was born _____ he died. A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that
此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是in this room，where he was born为修饰the room的定语从句。 8.考查了两个搭配
(1)The point is not who said the words, _____ they are true or not. A. but whether B. and whether C. but how D. and how
答案选A。此题涉及两个搭配：一是not ... but ...（不是??而是??），二是whether ... or not (是否)。
(2)He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _____ a writer, writing stories.
A. but B. and C. then D. so
答案选A，主要考查not ... but ...结构。
所谓“规则硬套”，即指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，同学们如果这样去学语言，那就难免出错了。下面请看几个实例：
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