翻译和语法

Unit 6

Translation

主语从句：

1） 这种理论的核心是：我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么联系的话，也是微不足道的。

2） 遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。

3） 众所周知，肺癌至少部分是由于吸烟过多引起的。

4） 现在把话题转到一个月以前发生的惨案上，这是很自然的事。 5） 那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一副手套。

宾语从句：

1） 他想再次提醒大家，决定这件事的不止他一个人，还有其他许多人。

2） 他们想要说明，为什么我们有某些性格特征并表现出某些行为。

3） 在这场争论中，赞成“天性”的那些人认为：我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。

4） 伽利略最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，证实了行星

是围绕太阳而不是围绕地球旋转。

Unit 7

Translation

A. From English into Chinese

1） 悲观主义者的典型特征是他们往往认为坏事会持续很久，会损害他们所做的每一件事

情，而且都是自己的过错。

2） 猴子回答说他确信自己有足够的力量统治天庭。

3） 好消息是并非A型行为的各个方面都同样有害。

4） 有观察表明，如果人们不被告知正在发生的事情，他们会变得更不耐烦。这是Larson研究的另一个课题。

5） 有时病人所需的只是一种安慰：一切都会好的。

B. From Chinese into English

1) The question to ask is not whether we should travel but where we should travel. 2) The distinctive feature of the island is that it is made up of pink coral.

3) The belief that he would win helped him go out of the desert.

4) The fact that the town had beautiful scenery and low expense made us overjoyed. 5) He wanted to find some evidence that the restaurant overcharged him.

Grammar

I．强调句型It is…that/who/which/…

It was the fantasy of being a successful, married businessman that appealed to me far more than the reality.

英语常用的强调结构是“It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)...”。一般说来,被强调部分指人时，用who；指事物时用that，但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。

It is the uses to which television is put that determine its value to society.

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It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.

It was Isadora Duncan who was responsible for many of the innovations that have made modern dance different from classical ballet.

It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value him.

We were told that it was in that very room that the Republicans held the important meeting. It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months. It is the news that deprives most parents of the hope that there is a safe and socially approved road to a kind of life they themselves have not had, but their children can. 应注意该句型与主语从句意义上的差异。例：

It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress or who can spend money on others as he spends on himself.

只有不同寻常的人才能远离经济重压，才能把钱花在别人身上就像花在自己身上一样。（该句强调an unusual person,在译文中用\只有\两字体现出来。）

试比较主语从句：We had a lot of fun at the beach. It was really a fly in the ointment that George cut his foot on a piece of glass.我们在海滩上玩得很开心，美中不足的是乔治的脚被一块玻璃割破了。（句中的It为形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。a fly in the ointment油膏里有一只苍蝇，喻美中不足。） 除了强调句型以外，英语中的强调还有如下方式： 1．用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调

Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon． 今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。 2．用反身代词表示强调

I myself will see her off at the station．我将亲自到车站为她送行。 You can do it well yourself．你自己能做好这件事情。 3．用助词“do”表示强调

The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold． 那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。 Do be quiet．I told you I had a headache． 务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。

4．用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”等表示强调

He drank it to the very last drop．他把它喝得一干二净。 Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops． 只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。

He didn’t answer even my letter．他甚至连我的信都未回。

5．用“．．．and that”，“．．．and those”，“not．．．too much”，“否定加否定”等结

构表示强调

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They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days． 他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。

I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday． 前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。

I can’t thank you too much．我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。 I am not unfaithful to you．我对你无比忠诚。

6．用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all

too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等强调

His behavior was in every way perfect．他的举止确实无可挑剔。 By all means take your son with you．你一定要把儿子带来。 The news was only too true．这消息确实是事实。 It was over all too soon！此事的确了结得很快！ Where in heaven were you then？当时你到底在哪里？

Nobody under the sun would buy that car．确实没有人会买那辆车。 7．用倒装句表示强调

Dishonest he is！他的确不诚实！ In wine is the truth． 酒后吐真言。

II. 状语从句中的省略现象

Once settled into my room on the little island a Aruba, I began my process of self-change. 在表示时间、地点、条件、方式（比较）或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或其主语是it，那么从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（尤其是动词be）往往可以省略。使用这些省略结构可收言简意赅之效。 When (she was) walking along the river, she met the stranger． 沿着河岸散步时，她碰到了那位陌生人。

While (we were) doing the experiment, we noticed something strange． 我们在进行实验时，看到了一种奇怪现象。 He won’t come unless ( he is) invited． 除非受到邀请，否则他不会来。

If (it is) heated to a high temperature, water will change to vapor． 水被加热到一定的温度，会变成蒸汽。 The news will change all our plan, if (it is) true． 如果是真的话，这消息会使我们的计划全部改变。 We will help you whenever (it is) possible． 只要有可能，我们都会帮助你。

Treatment was given whenever (it is) necessary.

Though (he was) abroad, he loved his motherland very much． 尽管在国外，他非常热爱自己的祖国。

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They pretend to work harder than (they had) ever (worked)．

You can jump much higher on the moon than (you jump) on the earth． 你在月球上比在地球上跳得高得多。

The owner was talking all the while excitedly, as if (he was talking) to himself． 那店老板激动地一直说个不停，好像在自言自语。

In our company, everybody is well taken care of, no matter what his position (is). I must get it done whatever the cost (may be).

Whether you like it or (does) not (like it), you’ll have to do it.

The sooner the operation (is), the greater the hope of saving his life (will be). The more (it is) the better (it will be).

Unit 8

Grammar

1. no more ?than ? 和?一样不?

Investigators found that in approximately two thirds of the sets there were no more significant differences than existed among unseparated pairs of twins.( L.22~23)

观察者发现，约三分之二的双胞胎和未分开抚养的双胞胎一样并没有什么显著差别。 I am no more pleased than she is. 我和他一样不高兴。

He’s no more able to read Chinese than I am. 他和我都看不懂中文。

No more than: 不过，仅仅 no more than five 只有五个 Not more than: 至多，不超过 not more than five 至多五个 不比?.更

The new edition is not more expensive than the old one. 新版本不比旧版本更贵。

2. As 引导让步状语从句

Important as they are, genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. (L.68~69) 尽管基因很重要，但其本身并不能完全决定任何一个特点。 Much as I like you, I will not marry you. 我虽然很喜欢你，可是不愿与你结婚。

Try as he would (however hard he tried), he could not lift the rock. 他虽然尽了最大努力仍然搬不动那块石头。

当as意为though，引导让步状语从句时，语序须按以下三条规定倒装：

1).主语是代词，谓语动词是系动词时，语序为\表语+as+主语+系动词\；主语为名词时，则位于系动词前或后均可。例如：

Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as “subatomic particles”。 原子虽小，却仍由叫做\亚原子粒子\的更小单位组成。

Complicated as seems the problem, it can be solved in only ten minutes with an electronic computer. 虽然问题似乎很复杂，但用计算机却十分钟就能解答。

2).谓词动词中有助动词(包括情态动词)时，语序为\动词原形+as+主语+助动词\。例如： Try as we might, we could not bring him around to accept our views.

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