四级笔试新题型模拟题08

B The release last fall of hundreds of e-mail messages from a major climate research center in England, and more recent exposure of a handful of errors in a supposedly authoritative United Nations report on climate change, have created what a number of top scientists say is a major destruction of faith in their research. They say this strong threat has undermined decades of work and has badly damaged public trust in the science.

C The e-mail episode, called \傲慢) and what one top climate researcher called \宗派意识)\appears to show efforts to limit publication of contrary opinions and to escape \Information Act\charges of concealing temperature data from rival researchers and manipulating results to be consistent with precooked conclusions. \Jones, the British climate scientist at the center of the controversy, admitted. But he sharply disagreed with charges that he had hidden data or faked results.

D After the e-mail was exposed, serious damage has already been done. A survey conducted in late December by Yale University and George Mason University found that the number of Americans who believed that climate change was just scientific cheat had more than doubled since 2008, to 16 percent of the population from 7 percent. An additional 13 percent of Americans said they thought that even if the planet was warming, it was a result solely of natural factors and was not a significant concern.

E Climate scientists have been shaken by the criticism and are beginning to look for ways to recover their reputation. \for the scale and intensity of the attacks and they simply have not responded quickly and appropriately,\said Peter C. Frumhoff, an ecologist and chief scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. \the blogosphere (博客圈) to what's happening in the atmosphere.\

F A number of institutions are beginning efforts to improve the quality of their science and to make their work more understandable. The official British climate agency is undertaking a complete review of its temperature data and will make its records and analysis fully public for the first time. Two universities are investigating the work of top climate scientists to determine whether they have violated academic standards and broken faith in science. The National Academy of Sciences is preparing to publish a non-technical paper outlining what is known—and not known—about changes to the global climate. And a hot debate is under way among climate scientists on how to make their work more transparent and regain public confidence.

G Some critics think these are merely useless efforts that do not address the real problem, however. Willis Eschenbach, an engineer and climate critic who posts frequently on climate skeptic (怀疑的) blogs, wrote in response to one climate scientist's proposal to share more research. \out how to inspire trust by covering your dishonest practices in new and creative ways. You should just do more successful and creative science.\

H Ralph J. Cicerone, president of the National Academy of Sciences, the most well-known scientific body in the United States, said that there was a danger that the distrust of climate science could mushroom into doubts about scientific inquiry more broadly. He said that scientists must do a better job of policing themselves and trying to be heard over the loudest voices on cable news, talk radio and the Internet. \is a job that scientists have not had much experience in,\hostile scrutiny than the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which collects the climate research of hundreds of scientists around the globe and changes the research into periodic reports intended to be the final statement of the science and a guide for policy makers. Critics, citing several relatively minor errors in its most recent report and charges of conflict of interest against its leader, Rajendra K. Pachauri, are calling for the IPCC to be dismissed or radically reformed.

I On Saturday, after weeks of refusing to engage critics, the IPCC announced that it was asking for the creation of an independent panel to review its research procedures to try to eliminate bias and errors from future reports.

J \where ideology (意识形态) groups reason,\responding to climate change skeptics was a foolish thing. \climate science,\Schmidt, a senior climatologist with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Institute of Space Studies. \public.\He said that the recent hostility to climate science had been driven as much by the cold winter as by any real or perceived scientific sins.

\criticism back.\

46.Scientists should remember that their job is to do good science. J 正确答案为：J

你的答案为： 你没有作答。 本小题得分： 0分 解析：J

文章J部分从另一个角度看待批评家对气象学家的批评，认为科学家更应关注科学，而不是去回应对科学的怀疑和批评，而做好科学就是对批评的最好反击。Climate scientists are paid to do climate science. Their job is not persuading the public. \is the best way to fight all the criticism back.\

47.Finally many scientists realize that they should accept the public criticism and regain the public support although they thought their cirtics were ignorant. A 正确答案为：A

你的答案为： 你没有作答。 本小题得分： 0分 解析：A

文章A部分中开始提到公众对气象学家的批评，隐藏数据，掩盖错误，不容许别人表达观点，气象学家并不接受批评。但随后批评呼声越来越高，气象学家意识到他们将失去公众威望，于是开始直面批评，承认错误，公开数据。But the volume of criticism and the depth of doubt have only grown, and many scientists now realize they are facing a crisis of public confidence and have to fight back. Up to now, they are beginning to face their critics, admit mistakes, open up their data and reshape their working way.

48.After the exposure, more Americans thought that they were cheated by the climate scientists. D 正确答案为：D

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文章D部分主要内容是说曝光带来的严重后果，使更多的美国人相信气候变暖是科学欺骗，是自然因素造成的结果，不值得过多关注。A survey conducted in late December by Yale University and George Mason University found that the number of Americans who believed that climate change was just scientific cheat had more than doubled since 2008, to 16 percent of the population from 7 percent. An additional 13 percent of Americans said they thought that even if the planet was warming, it was a result solely of natural factors and was not a significant concern.

49.Climate scientists need to do something that they haven't experienced before in order to change the status quo. H 正确答案为：H

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文章H部分是国家科学院院长对气象学家的期望，他认为，气象学家一定要做好整顿工作，要关注公众的声音。而这一点恰好又是科学家们所欠缺的。He said that scientists must do a better job of policing themselves and trying to be heard over the loudest voices on cable news, talk radio and the Internet. \

50.The exposure of errors has badly ruined the public confidence in the science. B 正确答案为：B

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解析：B

文章B部分讲述对大量气象错误的曝光大大损坏了民众对科学研究的信赖，而且威胁到几十年的气象工作成果。?.more recent exposure of a handful of errors in a supposedly authoritative United Nations report on climate change, have created what a number of top scientists say is a major destruction of faith in their research. They say this strong threat has undermined decades of work and has badly damaged public trust in the science.

51.Scientists need to regain their reputation and draw the public attention again back to the climate change. E 正确答案为：E

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文章E部分提到气候科学家没有想到会受到如此强烈的攻击，正着力寻找出路恢复名誉，使大众再次关注环境，而不要过分关注博客。Climate scientists have been shaken by the criticism and are beginning to look for ways to recover their reputation. We need to acknowledge the errors and help turn attention from what's happening in the blogosphere (博客圈) to what's happening in the atmosphere. 52.Some scientists were charged with hiding data and faking results. C 正确答案为：C

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文章C部分提到某些知名科学家被指控隐藏数据，编造结果。但也有科学家不同意此说法。The content of the messages opened some well-known scientists to charges of concealing temperature data from rival researchers and manipulating results to be consistent with precooked conclusions. 53.However, some critics are still unsatisfied with the climate scientists and their work. G 正确答案为：G

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文章G部分表明批评家们仍然对气象学家所做的改进工作不满意，认为气象学家没有解决实际问题。Some critics think these are merely useless efforts that do not address the real problem, however. \out how to inspire trust by covering your dishonest practices in new and creative ways. You should just do more successful and creative science.\