2011年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语(二) 真题及参考答案

Section I Use of English Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.

Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？

Last month， Howard Schmidt， the nation's cyber-czar， offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a \that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key， a fingerprint and a photo ID card， all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card， or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.

The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User

could 9 which system to join， and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government.

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these\systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a \， with safe \13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a \

organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs\

Still， the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach； others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet \

The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts， who worry that the \the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves， in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden

2． A.for B.within C.while D.though

3． A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless 4． A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal

5． A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6． A.by B.into C.from D.over

7． A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared 8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize

10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing 14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience 15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across

16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united 17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions：

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)

Text 1

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000： a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee； how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？ By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time， she said.

Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful， yet less biased， advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere， they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky， and the share price is falling， outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age， so the researchers concentrated on those \

surprise departure， the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases， and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive， it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they \， smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks， even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons， once again very popular on campus.

21. According to Paragraph 1， Ms. Simmons was criticized for . [A]gaining excessive profits [B]failing to fulfill her duty [C]refusing to make compromises [D]leaving the board in tough times

22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be . [A]generous investors [B]unbiased executives [C]share price forecasters [D]independent advisers

23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure， the firm is likely to .

[A]become more stable [B]report increased earnings [C]do less well in the stock market [D]perform worse in lawsuits

24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors . [A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm [B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm [C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm [D]will decline incentives from the firm

25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is . [A]permissive [B]positive [C]scornful [D]critical Text 2

Whatever happened to the death of newspaper？ A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled