大学英语2 - Unit 1-8 语法词汇

Unit 1

Detailed Reading

Ⅰ. Difficult Sentences

1. (LL. 13~15) Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Paraphrase the sentence.

(= Because he was so young and didn’t quite know that he should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.)

2. (L. 15) Benjamin was not bothered in the least. 1. Paraphrase the sentence.

(= Benjamin was not bothered at all.) 2.Translate the sentence into Chinese. (=本杰明一点也不在意。)

3. (L. 30) … and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. Paraphrase this part of the sentence.

(= And to help explain Chinese attitudes toward creativity.)

4. (LL. 37~39) …since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle? 1. What does the desired action refer to?

(= Positioning the key carefully to fit into the slot.)

2. In your opinion, what possible gain can be achieved by having Benjamin struggle?

(= Open-ended.)

5. (L. 39) He may well get frustrated and angry. 1. Paraphrase the sentence.

(= He is likely to get frustrated and angry.)

2. You use “may well” when you are saying what you think is likely to happen.

6. (L. 47~48) He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us. 1. What do the two activities refer to? (= Having a good time and exploring.)

2. Paraphrase two “activities that did matter to us”. (= Tow activities that were important to us.)

7. (L. 52) …whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed… 1. Paraphrase the sentence.

(= No matter whether it is placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for some mistakes.)

2. Analyze the structure of the sentence.

(= The subjunctive mood is used here.

*Whether he be present or absent, we shall have to do our part.)

8. (LL. 80~81) …young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition…

1. What does making their boldest departures mean?

(=Doing sth. different from an established rule or tradition.) 2. Translate this part into Chinese.

(=西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。)

9. (LL. 98~99) But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals… Can you analyze the structure of this sentence?

(= assuming + that-clause: 假定…

You use assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.

*Assuming that we all work at the same rate, we should be finished by January.)

10. (LL. 100~102) Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to

approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(=我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡?)

2. Do you think that we can find a better way to approach education, which strikes a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

Ⅱ. Words and Expressions

1.(L. 7) attach: vt. fasten or join (one thing to another) * She attached an antenna to the radio. (=A tag was attached to each article.) Pattern: attach sth. to sth.

be attached to sth.

2. (L. 21) initial: adj. of or at the beginning; first 最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。

(=The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.) *the initial letter of a word 一个词的首字母

3. (L. 25) await: vt. wait for

* He was anxiously awaiting her reply. 他早就期待着这个时刻了。 (=He has long awaited this moment.)

4. (L. 25) on occasion: now and then

* It has, on occasion, created trouble for the bank. 你有时使人们感到诧异。

(=You have on occasion surprised people.) CF: on occasion & on the occasion of

这两个词组非常相似，但意思不同。 on occasion有时，间或。 on the occasion of在… 之际。 * on the occasion of sb.'s wedding

5. (L. 26) neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to * neglect one's meals and sleep 离开时别忘了锁门。

(=Don't neglect to lock the door when you leave.) CF: neglect, ignore & omit

这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。

neglect 指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意

的。例如：

*Those who neglect their duties should be punished. 玩忽职守者应受惩

罚。

*Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation. 他们为什么老是不注

意遵守交通规则呢？

ignore 指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会，有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。例如：

*When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked on.

当我看到汤姆时，我停下来和他打招呼，但他没有理我继续往前走。

*The teacher ignored my difficult questions. 老师对我的难题置之不理。

omit 指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或无意的。该词还可指删除不利或不必

要的东西。例如：

*She should not omit to visit the museum. 她不应忘了去参观博物馆。 *The third part of the book may be omitted. 该书的第三部分可以删掉。

6. (L. 28) relevant: adj. directly connected with the subject

(=His color is not relevant to whether he's a good lawyer.) 该证据与此案有关。

(=The evidence is relevant to the case.) Pattern: be relevant to

7. (L. 29 ) investigate:

1. vt. try to find out information about

* Scientists are investigating how the plane crash occurred. * If you hear such a rumor, investigate it thoroughly. 2. vi. make a detailed inquiry *investigate into an affair

*investigate into a rumor

CF: investigate, examine & inspect

这几个词都有调查、检查之意。

investigate 较正式，指有条不紊地进行调查研究以发现事实真相，更常用以说明调查案件、

情况、背景来历等。例如：

*They investigated the cause of the accident. 他们调查了事故的原因。 *The police are investigating the murder. 警方正在调查这件谋杀案。

examine 是普通用语，指仔细地检查某人或物。该词还指官方主持的检查或医生进行的诊察，

也表示对某种观点的讨论研究，更指考试。例如：

*They examined our passports very carefully. 他们仔细检查了我们的护照。

*An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glasses. 眼科医生有资格来检查你的眼睛并给你配眼镜。

inspect 较正式，用得不如examine广泛，指对某人或某物进行检查、查问，带有揭示其差

异或缺陷的意思。更常指官员们的视察以发现下属单位的缺点等，还指检阅军队。例如：

*The firemen were inspecting the warehouse for potential fire hazards. 消防人员正在检查仓库以防火灾。

*Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory. 出厂之前每寸布匹都检查过。

8. (L. 30) throw light on: help understanding * These facts throw new light on the matter.

这些事实使人进一步了解此事。

9. (L. 34) exception: n. sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to

(=There is an exception to this grammatical rule.)

这是那项规定的一个明显的例外。

(= This is an apparent exception to the rule.) Pattern: an exception to Collocation:

with many/few exceptions 有很多/很少例外 without exception 毫无例外，一律 with the exception of 除…之外 make an exception of 把...作为例外

make no exceptions 不容许有例外；一视同仁

10. (L. 39) desirable: adj. worth having as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing; worth

achieving

* Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store. * It is most desirable that he should attend the conference.