高考阅读理解攻略

阅读理解

【从阅读设题点、正反解析选项、分解长难句技巧、分类指导四大能力考点和阅读解题口诀等方面全方位透析当今高考阅读，真心帮你做到： 提高阅读速度、快速捕获信息、快速辨析体裁，文章结构、快速识别陷阱，通透理解材料。“玩转”高考英语之阅读理解，“告别”阅读“不”理解。】

第一讲 阅读理解题常见设题点

（一）针对特殊句式设题，如定语从句，强调句型，否定转移，部分否定、比较结构等： 1. （2013湖北）When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well-equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….

At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary. （定语从句）What caused a change in the author’s understanding of keeping a diary? A. A dull night on the journey. B. The beauty of the great valley. C. A striking quotation from a book. D. Her concerns for future generations.

解析：句意为：直到这时，我才懂得在那一刻是写什么都配不上，代替不了的。这一刻我陶醉于山谷那动人美景之中。根据题干关键词 a change 和 understanding of keeping a diary定位本题的解题点在At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley这句话里面。本句的主干是I understood that …that引导宾语从句，宾语从句又包含了两个定语从句，分别是：①nothing I wrote 是省略了that的定语从句。②the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley也是省略了that的定语从句，还原为I allowed

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myself the few seconds to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley。所以B The beauty of the great valley正确。

2. He helped popularize the term “red tape” to describe situations where people in power use needless amounts of bureaucracy (官僚作风) in a way that particularly hurts the weaker and poorer members of society.

（定语从句）According to the article, the phrase “red tape” refers to ________. A rules or procedures that are required to accomplish a task B a situation in which poor members of society are hurt C conflict between people in power and weaker people D pointlessly time – consuming official procedures

解析：由下文where引导的定于从句可知，red tape指代的是定语从句里面的内容，即官方办事时的繁文缛节，所以D项为最佳选项。 3.

Reuters (路透社) ------ Robots that can chat, find misplaced glasses, draw airplanes and

play with children are attracting thousands of visitors during an exhibition in Tokyo. （定语从句）What kind of robots will be introduced in the following paragraphs? A Robots that can help explore the moon

B Robots that can help special people such as the old, the young or the lonely. C Robots that can work in dangerous situation instead of workers D Robots that can assist scientists in doing the experiment

解析:句意为：在东京展览会上展出的机器人，吸引了成千上万的参观者，它们能与人聊天，能发现放错地方的玻璃杯，能画飞机，也能与孩子玩耍。本句是一个含定语从句的复合句，句子主干为Robots are attracting thousands of visitors ...，that后的定语从句有多个谓语，即chat, find , draw ， and play.，同时后面还跟有一个as引导的原因状语从句。，B项是对文中定从内容的概括性描述，故选B。

4. A person can change his way of clothing, way of eating and living but the values in a person always remain unchanged because they are deeply rooted within our hearts, mind, body and soul which we receive from our culture. （状语分隔的定语从句）From this sentence we can see that all are changeable except _______.

A clothing B lifestyle C values D good manners

解析：句意为：一个人可以改变自己的穿着时尚、饮食方式和生活方式，但从我们文化中获

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得的价值观总是不变的，因为它们深深地扎根于我们的内心、思想、身体和灵魂中。通过连词but可知，其前后为并列句，重点强调but后的内容；在but后的句子中，the values后的定语从句被because引导的从句隔开，还原后应为... but the values in a person which we receive from our culture always remain unchanged because they are deeply rooted within ... 答案为C。

5. Cantonese, a dialect from southern China that has dominated（控制）the Chinatowns of North America for decades, is being rapidly swept aside by Mandarin, the national language of China and the lingua franca（通用语）of most of the latest Chinese immigrants. （含同位语的定语从句）From this part, we can infer that _______. A Cantonese is the only language spoken in North America.

B Mandarin has replaced Cantonese in Chinatowns of North America. C The immigrants who speak Mandarin are increasing in North America. D The immigrants who speak Mandarin are changing the North American world.

解析：句意为：粤语是源自中国南部地区的一种方言，几十年以来主导着北美地区的唐人街，如今却正被普通话快速取代。普通话是中国的官方语言，也是大部分中国最新移民的通用语言。该句句子主干为Cantonese is being rapidly swept aside by Mandarin ；a dialect from...为Cantonese的同位语，a dialect后面that has dominated...为定语从句；the national language of China...作Mandarin的同位语。根据句子结构的分析和句意，答案为C。

6. There is probably nothing more annoying than a diner receiving or making a call near you when you are in a restaurant. The icy glares you receive should be warning that it is not appreciated. Turn your phone off and use your message service to return calls after you leave. （比较状语从句）According to the passage, the most annoying thing in a restaurant is that _____.

A you receive icy glares

B a nearby diner is answering a phone call C you have to use the message service D you can not return calls until after you leave

解析:本题的解题关键就在于理解词组nothing more ... than的准确含义:“没有什么能比得上??”, 即“最??”, 用比较级表示最高级的意义。原文第一句中说明了最annoying的事件是: receiving or making a call near you, 因此可判定正确答案为B。其他三个选项的内容

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在原文中也有出现,如果考生没有理解词组nothing more ... than是比较级表最高级的意思,就容易受到其他三个选项的干扰，就会做出错误判断。

7. Dogs owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall ------mostly with their dogs …and found it worth doing.

（比较状语从句；分隔）In the sentence, we can learn that the researchers reported that __________.

A people with dogs did more exercise B dogs lost the same weight as people did C dogs liked exercise much more than people did

D people without dogs found it useful doing exercise with dogs

解析：句意为：养狗的人并不比不养狗的人体重下降多少，但是，据研究人员说，(他们)能够得到全身心的锻炼—多数和他们的狗一起—而且还发现这很值得（去做）。并列谓语didn’t lose any more weight..., but, got more exercise overall... and found it worth doing，第一个谓语后有一个省略了的比较状语从句than those without dogs, 在but后还有一个插入成分say researchers，破折号— mostly with their dogs对 got more exercise overall进行补充说明。选A。 8.

The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by

recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian（高加索人）and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral（中性的）. （状语从句）What were the people asked to do in the study?

A to make a face at each other B to get their faces impressive C to classify some face pictures D to observe the researchers’ faces

解析：句意为：这些研究人员通过记录13名西高加索人和13名东亚人的眼部运动研究在面部表情识别方面的文化差异，同时让他们观察有丰富面部表情的图片，并按要求对它们进行分类：高兴，伤心，惊讶，担心，厌恶，生气或漠不关心。本句是含有时间状语的复合句。句子主干为The researchers studied cultural differences，其中by recording the eye movement of ...为介词短语，作方式状语；while引导时间状语从句，在while从句中，observed ... and put them into categories ...为并列谓语；冒号后为categories具体的分类。根据题干要求可知答案选择C。

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