四柱液压机毕业设计说明书

摘 要

四柱液压机由主机及控制机构两大部分组成。液压机主机部分包括液压缸、横梁、立柱及充液装置等。动力机构由油箱、高压泵、控制系统、电动机、压力阀、方向阀等组成。液压机采用PLC控制系统，通过泵和油缸及各种液压阀实现能量的转换，调节和输送，完成各种工艺动作的循环。该系列液压机具有独立的动力机构和电气系统，并采用按钮集中控制，可实现手动和自动两种操作方式。

该液压机结构紧凑，动作灵敏可靠，速度快，能耗小，噪音低，压力和行程可在规定的范围内任意调节，操作简单。在本设计中，通过查阅大量文献资料，设计了液压缸的尺寸，拟订了液压原理图。按压力和流量的大小选择了液压泵，电动机，控制阀，过滤器等液压元件和辅助元件。

关键词：四柱；液压机；PLC

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Abstract

The four-pillars hydraulic press is divided into two parts, host machine and control mechanism.Hydraulic press host machine is make up of hydraulic cylinder, beam, upright, prefill valve and so on.Dynamic mechanism is make up of tank, high pressurepump, control systems ,electromoto, pressure valve, direction valve and so on.Hydraulic press control systems adopt plc.It will be come true energy conversion, regulate and transport, all kinds of technical motions cycle,through control pump,hydraulic cylinder and all kinds of hydraulic valve. The series hydraulic machine is an independent body and the electrical power system, and centralized control buttons used, achieve both manual and automatic operation mode.

This hydraulic system framework is compact, movement keen reliable, the speed is quick, the energy consumption is small, the noise is low, the pressure and the traveling schedule may adjust willfully in the stipulation scope, the operation is simple. In this design, through the consult massive literature material, has designed the hydraulic cylinder size, has drafted the hydraulic pressure schematic diagram. According to the pressure and the current capacity size choose the hydraulic pump, the electric motor, the control valve, hydraulic pressure parts, the auxiliary part and filter.

Key words: four-pillars ；hydraulic press；PLC

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目 录

第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1概述 ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2发展趋势 .................................................................................................... 2 第2章 液压机本体结构设计 ................................................................................ 4

2.1 液压机基本技术参数 ............................................................................... 4 2.2 液压缸的基本结构设计 ........................................................................... 5

2.2.1 液压缸的类型 ................................................................................ 5 2.2.2 钢筒的连接结构 ............................................................................ 5 2.2.3 缸口部分结构 ................................................................................ 5 2.2.4 缸底结构 ........................................................................................ 5 2.2.5 油缸放气装置 ................................................................................ 6 2.2.6 缓冲装置 ........................................................................................ 6 2.3 缸体结构的基本参数确定 ....................................................................... 7

2.3.1 主缸参数 ........................................................................................ 7 2.3.2 各缸动作时的流量： .................................................................... 8 2.3.3 上缸的设计计算 ............................................................................ 9 2.3.4 下缸的设计计算： ...................................................................... 15 2.4 确定快速空程的供液方式、油泵规格和电动机功率 ......................... 20

2.4.1 快速空程时的供油方式 .............................................................. 20 2.4.2 确定液压泵流量和规格型号 ...................................................... 21 2.4.3 泵的构造与工作原理 .................................................................. 21 2.5 立柱结构设计 ......................................................................................... 22

2.5.1 立柱设计计算 .............................................................................. 22 2.5.2 连结形式 ...................................................................................... 24 2.5.3 立柱的螺母及预紧 ...................................................................... 25 2.5.4 立柱的导向装置 .......................................................................... 26 2.5.5 限程套 .......................................................................................... 27 2.5.6 底座 .............................................................................................. 28 2.6 横梁参数的确定 ..................................................................................... 28

2.6.1 上横梁结构设计 .......................................................................... 28

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2.6.2 活动横梁结构设计 ...................................................................... 29 2.6.3 下横梁结构设计 .......................................................................... 29 2.6.4 各横梁参数的确定 ...................................................................... 30

第3章 液压系统及元件的设计 .......................................................................... 31

3.1 液压系统原理 ......................................................................................... 31

3.1.1 工作原理 ...................................................................................... 31 3.1.2 工艺加工过程 .............................................................................. 32 3.2 管道及管接头 ......................................................................................... 33

3.2.1 管道 .............................................................................................. 33 3.3 液压控制阀的选择 ................................................................................. 35

3.3.1 先导式溢流阀 .............................................................................. 35 3.3.2 节流阀 .......................................................................................... 35 3.3.3 单向阀 .......................................................................................... 35 3.3.4 电磁换向阀 .................................................................................. 35 3.3.5 顺序阀 .......................................................................................... 35 3.3.6 背压阀 .......................................................................................... 36

第4章 控制部分 .................................................................................................. 37

4.1 PLC概述 .................................................................................................. 37 4.2 控制部分设计 ......................................................................................... 37 总 结 ...................................................................................................................... 40 参考文献 ................................................................................................................ 41 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................... 42 附录1：英文及翻译 ............................................................................................. 43 附录2：程序梯形图 ............................................................................................. 51

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