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接口 m0 m1 m2 m3 m4 掩码 /22 /22 /22 /22 /0 网络地址 120.14.96.0 120.14.100.0 120.14.104.0 120.14.108.0 0.0.0.0 下一跳地址 ——— ——— ——— ——— 缺省路由
掩码 /30 /30 /30 /30 ?? /30 /0 网络地址 120.14.64.0 120.14.64.4 120.14.64.8 120.14.64.12 ?? 120.14.65.252 0.0.0.0 下一跳地址 ———— ———— ———— ———— ?? ———— 缺省路由 接口 m0 m1 m2 m3 ?? m127 m128
【如下是英文版答案,能力有限,翻译不了,下面是百度答案】
If no fragmentation occurs at the router, then the only field to change in the base header is the time to live field. If any of the multiple-byte options are present, then there will be changes in the option headers as well (to record the route and/or timestamp). If fragmentation does occur, the total length field will change to reflect the total length of each datagram. The more fragment bit of the flags field and the fragmentation offset fields may also change to reflect the fragmentation. If options are present and fragmentation occurs, the HLEN field of the base header may also change to reflect whether or not the option was included in the fragments.
必然变化的是 生存时间(TTL)、首部校验和。每经过一跳路由器,TTL值减一;首部校验和是根据首部生成的,TTL字段变化,首部校验和随之也要变化。 可能变化的有 标志、片偏移,数据报总长度
大的MTU的好处:(1)方便长距离的传送大量的数据(2)没有分段的必要(3)更快的传送且无重组(4)更少的丢包(5)更高效
小的MTU的好处:(1)方便传输对于时间敏感的数据像音频或者视频(2)适合多路复用
【如下表示英文版答案中的表格】
在这种情况下,我们可以使用松散源路由选择且如下所示仅有一个入口:
The value of the header length field of an IP packet can never be less than 5
because every IP datagram must have at least a base header that has a fixed size of 20 bytes. The value of HLEN field, when multiplied by 4, gives the number of bytes contained in the header. Therefore the minimum value of this field is 5. This field has a value of exactly 5 when there are no options included in the header.
答:IP分组首部长度不能小于5,因为每个IP分组都必须有一个有着20字节的基本的头部,当海伦的字段值乘以4,就会给出一个包含头部的字节的数字,因此最小值为5,当头文件中没有其他选项时,IP分组首部长度正好为5.
If the size of the option field is 20 bytes, then the total length of the header is 40 bytes (20 byte base header plus 20 bytes of options). The HLEN field will be the total number of bytes in the header divided by 4, in this case ten (1010 in binary). 如果选择域的大小为20个字节,则头部的长度为40字节(20字节的基础头部加20字节的选项)海伦域就是在头部的总长度除以4,即为10,二进制表示法为:1010。
海伦域:5=(1010)2
总长度字段值:1044 = (00000100 00010100)2
If the fragmentation offset is 0 and the more fragment bit is off, this is not a fragment.
如果分片偏移量是0,而且更多的碎片是关闭的,那它就不是一个分片。
【英文版答案与题中所给问题顺序有出入】 a. There are no options.
b. The packet is not fragmented.
c. The packet carries 64 bytes of data. d. The header is 20 bytes long. e. The checksum is not used.
f. The packet may visit up to 32 more routers.
g. The identification number of the packet is 3 (decimal). The type of service is normal. a. 没有任何选项字段 b. 没有被分片
c. 数据长度为:64字节 d. 没有使用校验和
e. 还可以经过32个路由器 f. 标识号是:3(十进制) g. 服务类型是正常的
The size of an ARP packet is variable, depending on the length of addresses. ARP分组的长度不是笃定的,由地址长度决定。
An ARP packet is normally less than minimum Ethernet payload. The size of an Ethernet frame carrying an ARP packet is therefore 72 bytes.
一个ARP包通常是小于最小以太网负载。一个以太网帧携带ARP报文,因此是72字节。
【如下图即为答案】
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