环球雅思中小学-[十年高考]2005-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：科普知识类阅读理解

环球雅思中小学

【十年高考】2005-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：科

普知识类

(05·全国Ⅱ、全国ⅢD篇)

You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation（撤离）of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.

During the 20th century ,sea level rose 8—12 inches. As a result .Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country’s drinking water.

Paani Laupepa , a Tuvaluan government official ,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years .Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damagingtorms.

Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放）,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement ,the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years,” Laupepa told the BBC.

Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable （易受影响的）to rising sea countries .

levels .Maumoon Gayoon ,president of the Maldives ,told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”. 54．The text is mainly about . A．rapid changes in earth’s temperature B．bad effects of global warming C．moving of a country to a new place D．reasons for lowland flooding

55．According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .

A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea C．continuous global warming D．rising sea levels

56．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .

A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US

D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real

57．The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is .

A．Australia B．New Zealan C．the Maldives D．the United States

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答案 54.A 55.A 56.D 57.B

Passage 73

(05·天津D篇)

The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomorrow, whem global warming could soon turn the global climate (气候) into a new ice age, may never occur, according to new research.

The next ice age could be 15,000 years away, say European scientists who last month announced a continuous record of 7.40,000 years of climate data (数据) obtained from the Antarctic ice.

Scientists from 10 nations have now almost completely drilled through a 3,000-meter.depth of ice high in the Antarctic mainland. They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to –40℃, has at least 900,000 years of snowfalls,, kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree. And the ice and air caught in each layer(层) have begun to answer questions about the climates in the past..

The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740, 000 years and eight warmer periods. And by comparing the pattern of global conditions today with those of the past, the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period could last another 15, 000 years.

Research suggests that there is a very close connection between greenhouse gas levels and global average temperatures. It also shows that carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels are the highest for at least 440,000 years.

\age otherwise, our data say no, a new ice age is not hanging over our heads,”said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey. \ice ages… and you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.\

Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record, so did carbon dioxide level. \Wolff.

48. In drilling through the ice in Antarctica, scientists, have found that______. A. the lowest temperature there is –40℃ B. the depth of ice is 3,000 meters C. the ice has existed for 15,000 years D. snowfalls are kept in certain patterns

49. The information of the global climate conditions in the past can be obtained through______. A. separating carbon dioxide from the air B. examining the growth rings of trees

C. comparing temperatures in different areas D. studying the ice and air caught in each layer 50. We can infer from Eric Wolff's words that_______. A. there is something wrong with the data B. greenhouse effect is always a bad thing

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C. a new ice age will not come in the near future D. greenhouse gas will get thick in the future 51. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Research over the Antarctic area.

B. Warm period to last about 15, 000 years. C. Report on the eight ice ages in the past.

D. Hollywood movies and the global climate.

答案 48.D 49.D 50.C 51.B

Passage 74

(05·山东E篇)

A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.

The system, called driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%—40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.

Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.

Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.

In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warms that the driver must stop as soon as possible.

The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the markers will bring the product to market within about a year.

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72. According to the text, Driver Alert ______. A. aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents B. has gone through testing at laboratories C. aims to prevent drivers from sleeping D. has been on sale for 12 months

73. How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?

A. By sounding a warning B. By touching the wristband C. By checking the driving time D. By pressing the steering wheel 74. We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is

______.

A. About 400 milliseconds B. below 500 milliseconds C. over 500 milliseconds D. about 400 minutes

75. When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______. A. moves more regularly B. stops working properly C. opens the window for the driver D. sounds more frequently and loudly

答案 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D

Passage 75

(05·江苏D篇)

Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it

can run away or fight back.. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.

Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach..

Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals