2011年中国石油大学校内四级样题 - 129439351778988750

B) So much soil has eroded that the desert will never be able to support life as it once did. C) Drilling machines help irrigate the desert floor and restore plant and animal life.

D)Although the desert no longer supports abundant life，researchers hope to revive it with new scientific techniques.

Part III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）(每题2分，共20分)

Directions: There are two reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1

Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.

注意：此部分试题请在机读答题卡上作答。

In the first year or so of Web business，most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently， as the Web proved to be more than a profession，companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they are looking for.

Nonetheless，many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. \need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier，” says senior analyst Blame Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company?s private intranet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently，Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to \ers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to \directly out to consumers，transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably，the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated steam of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company?s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales，product offerings，or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited，the distinction between the Web and television fades. That?s a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards，Amazon. com，and other pioneers show that Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity，hospitality，and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall，which is good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge. 26. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business A) has been striving to expand its market

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B) intended to follow a fanciful fashion C) tried but in vain to control the market D) has been booming for one year or so 27. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing，the author implies that A) the technology is popular with many Web users B) businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions C) there is a radical change in strategy D) it is accessible limitedly to established partners 28. In the view of Net purists， A) there should be no marketing messages in online culture B) money making should be given priority to on the Web C) the Web should be able to function as Television set D) there should be no online commercial information without requests 29. Many Companies hesitate to use the web because A) technical flaws of Internet make it impossible to run business online efficiently B) shop in silicon costs lots of money C) consumers are usually annoyed by the \ D) some people just do not regard network as reliable pathway for business 30. We can learn from the paragraph that A) pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce B) interactivity，hospitality and security are important to online customers C) leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago D) setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power

Passage Two Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Many countries are likely to run short of fresh water within a few decades，according to most experts. It remains to be seen whether political leaders can manage their way out of major crises. About one-third of humanity must cope with impure water or inadequate amounts of fresh water; a new United Nations report predicts that figure could double within 30 years. In \Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World，” researchers report water quality and quantity problems，poor allocation，water waste，and inadequate management. “If we continue to use water as we are today， it will cause severe problems, ” cautions Gunilla Bjorklund，a water specialist with the Stockholm Environment Institute, which helped assess fresh-water resources for the United Nations. Human health，economic development，and a variety of ecosystems will be threatened if the resource trickles away. “I suspect that in the next 50 years we will see a shift from oil to water as the cause of great conflicts between nations and peoples,” warns Wally N Dow，secretary general of the U. N. Conference on Human Settlements held last June in Istanbul. Participants in another conference ---the World Water Forum held in March 1997 in Marrakech, Morocco ---predict a water crisis by 2050.

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The era of taking water for granted is ending as more and more people recognize fresh water as a scarce resource. More than 97 % of the earth s water is too salty to drink. Two-thirds of the rest is frozen in glaciers and inaccessible snow fields. Rivers，lakes，and groundwater hold the tiny remainder. Irrigation claims 67 % of fresh water，and industry takes 23 % more. Since the turn of the century，our rate of water use has soared along with a growing population: Agriculture now uses five times more water; industrial use has grown 26 times; and municipal use (domestic use in urban and rural areas)，18 times. A billion people today lack access to pure drinking water. But not everyone who studies these trends is pessimistic about the future of fresh water. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan，for example，notes that we currently exploit only one-sixth of the renewable water resources that are available. Annan has called for a new sense of urgency among governments to address what?s really lacking: \ability， capacity，and experience to mobilize water resources and to optimize their added value. \ World Bank officials also advocate the management of water as a rare resource. Such a shift could result in considerable savings. In some Third World cities, for example，60% of the drinking water is lost because of rusted pipes or illegal tapping of the system. Leakage in Manila?s water mains has reached 58% of the total water supply，but in Singapore，a better-managed city，8 % losses are the norm. A U. N. Survey reported waste levels as low as 12% in Britain and the United States. Individuals could save even more water through frugal use and recycling. “The crisis can be avoided,” says Emily Matthews，author of the United Nations' five-year study of the status of water resources since the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. “Its a question of using the government policies，the private sector mechanisms，and all the technology at our disposal.” What it will cost to salvage（抢救）our water resources is an open question. The World Bank estimates $600-$800 billion over the next 10 years. An all-out recovery effort could saddle consumers around the world with higher prices for a resource that used to be free. 31. Whom does the author believe are directly responsible for solving the current problems? A) U. N officials B) political leaders C) water specialists D) environmentalists 32. According to the author，the primary cause for the rapid growth of the use of water in the 20th century is A) population growth B) the development of industry C) pollution D) the destruction of ecosystem 33. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A) Most nations in the world will be facing a water crisis within the next few decades. B) Political leaders are making all-out effort to tap the potential of the utilization of water resources. C) Some people are still believing that the water crisis will eventually be averted. D) People in the third-world countries still don?t see water as a scarce resource. 34. Since the turn of the century，we used most of the water for A) irrigation B) industry C) municipal use D) drinking

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35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Emily Matthews as a way to salvage water resources? A) A law passed to economize the usage of water by industries. B) New equipment employed to purify sewage water more efficiently. C) Private funds donated to a nation-scale water-saving campaign. D) Water diversion projects to utilize water from the glaciers and snow fields.

Part IV Vocabulary (每题0.5分，共5分)

Directions: Choose the best answers to complete each of the following sentences.

注意：此部分试题请在机读答题卡上作答。

36. Unfortunately, those who _______ the accident cannot recall what happened. Therefore, the cause of the accident remains a mystery.

a. survived b. escaped c. abandoned d. spotted

37. The old lady had no books in her possession _________ a Bible.

a. more than b. rather than c. other than d. still than

38. Palestine and Israel ________ their peace talks after US President Bush paid an official visit to both countries.

a. undertook b. shelter c. collapse d. resumed

39. Because my TV set ______ I could not watch the soccer game live on CCTV 5 last night.

a. broke up b. broke off c. broke down d. broke out

40.The kids lay face down on the beach, their backs ______ to the sun.

a. exposing b. exposed c. having exposed d. were exposing

41. _______ I admit that there are problems, I don?t agree that they cannot be solved.

a. while b. when c. as d. before

42. The thought of getting home was the only thing that ________ me in the hospital.

a. maintained b. sustained c. obtained d. entertained

43. A good teacher has to be able to ______ her students to work hard.

a. accumulate b. accompany c. mingle d. motivate

44. Simon's _______ feeling when he heard about the wedding was surprise.

a. initial b. provocative c. negative d. magnificent

45. After a five-minute _________, if the baby is still crying, go back and check on her.

a. trace b. temper c. interval d. route

Part V Cloze (每题0.5分，共10分)

Directions: Choose the best answers to complete the passage.

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