上海崇明区2019届高三二模英语及答案（含答案）

There are two research (46)________ to predict differences between deception and truth telling in a native compared to a second language.

Research from cognitive (认知的) load theory suggests that lying is more difficult in a foreign language. Compared to truth telling, lying is a cognitively more (47)________ task. Kristina Suchotzki explains. Adding a foreign language imposes an additional cognitive (48)________ which makes lying even more difficult .

Lying is easier in a foreign language: This should be true according to the emotional distance hypothesis (假设). This assumption is based on the fact that lying is (49)________ more emotions than staying with the truth. Liars have higher stress levels and are more tense. Research shows that compared to speaking in a native language, communicating in a second language is less (50)________ arousing. Accordingly, this (51)________ emotional arousal would promote lying. To settle this question, the Würzburg psychologists conducted a number of experiments in which up to 50 test persons had to complete specific tasks. They were asked to answer a number of questions sometimes (52)________ and sometimes deceptively both in their native language and in a foreign language. Some questions were (53)________; other questions were clearly emotional.

The results show that it usually takes longer to answer emotional questions. Answers in the foreign language also take longer. And generally, it takes longer to tell a lie than to tell the truth. However, the time differences between deceptive and truthful answers are less.(54)________ in a second language than in the native language.

The data suggest that the increased cognitive effort is responsible for the prolongation (延长) of the truth (55)________ in the foreign language. The reason why this prolongation almost does not exist in lying can be explained with the emotional distance hypothesis: The greater emotional distance in a foreign language thus cancels out the higher cognitive load when lying.

41. A. similar B. unexpected C. disappointing D. inevitable 42. A. insights B. principles C, expectations D. justifications 43. A. classified B. substituted C. modified D. evaluated 44. A. accurate B. believable C. sensitive D. informative 45. A. reason B. difference C. origin D. phenomenon 46. A. results B. methods C. theories D. questions 47. A. inviting B. embarrassing C. rewarding D. demanding 48. A. challenge B. perspective C. strategy D. context 49. A. aimed at B. prepared for C. associated with D. applied to 50. A. emotionally B. alternatively C. fundamentally D. suspiciously 51. A. advanced B. reduced C. adapted D. altered 52. A. directly B. confidently C. truthfully D. initially 53. A. tough B. concrete C. irrelevant D. neutral 54. A. appealing B. obvious C. important D. reasonable 55. A. claim B. element C. commission D. response

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best. sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.

Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He

developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the New Journalism. Ive always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,\fiction, and vice versa.

When Tom Wolfe's voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general,' were turning inwards,\says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. Wolfe didn't do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people. Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.

In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff an account of the military test pilots who became America's first astronauts.Four years later, the book- was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me”, says Grossman. It reminded me, in case Id forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.\

In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase pushing the envelope.\In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as The 'Me' Decade. Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.

“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,\those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.

56. The New Journalism is a style of journalism that_______. A. changes its news writing techniques frequently B. popularizes new American idioms in a literary way

C. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reporting D. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective

57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff ________. A. is a film directed by Lev Grossman B. is an influential book by Tom Wolfe C. accounts for popular American phrases D. deals with incredible places in the world

58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe________.

A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspective B. preferred making claims about events to writing books C, was fond of commenting on other people's thoughts D. liked analyzing social problems from the outside

59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Tom Wolfe. A Professional Phrase Coiner B. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and Novelist C. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in Literature D. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and Writer

(B)

Important facts about ELIQUIS (apixaban) This is a summary of important information that you need to know about ELlQUS. Keep this document in a safe place. s0 you can refer to it before and during your treatment Do not stop taking ELIQUIS without talking to the doctor who prescribed (开处方) it to you. Talk to your health care team before any medical procedures. ELIQUIS may need to be stopped before surgery, or a medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when you should stop taking ELIQUIS and when you may start taking it again. If you have to stop taking ELIQUIS, your doctor may prescribe another medicine to help prevent a blood clot from forming. What is the possible serious side effect of ELIQUIS? ELIQUIS can cause bleeding, which can be serious, and rarely may lead to death. This is because ELIQUIS is a blood thinner medicine that reduces blood clotting. While taking ELIQUIS, you may hurt more easily and it may take longer than usual for any bleeding to stop. Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of bleeding when taking ELIQUIS. Who should not take ELIQUIS? XELIQUIS is not for patients who: * currently have certain * have artificial heart types of abnormal valves (瓣膜). bleeding What should I discuss with my health care team before starting ELIQUIS? Talk to your health care team about the following: *Liver problems *Any other medical *If you have ever had conditions bleeding problems Tell your doctor if you are. pregnant 'or breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant or breastfeed. You and your doctor should decide whether you will take ELIQUIS or breastfeed. You should not do both. Tell your healthcare team about all of the medicines you are taking.

60. The important facts about ELIQUIS are mainly intended for ________.

* have had a serious allergic (过敏) reaction to ELIQUIS. A. drugstores B. patients

C. pregnant women D. healthcare team 61. It can be inferred from the facts that a blood clot forms ________. A. when allergic reaction appears B. when bleeding grows abnormal C. when blood pressure drops D. when blood becomes thicker

62. What can be inferred about ELIQUIS from the facts? A. It can be harmful to babies.

B. It cant be taken with any other medicines. C. It shouldn't be taken after a surgery.

D. It may increase the risk of having dental problems.

(C)

The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it's also getting greener and leafier: According to new research, the rise is

largely due to China and India.

A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (?ASA), based on extensive satellite photographs and

published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countries with the world's biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in greenness.

Since 200 the planet's green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That's an area

equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rain forests, NASA says. But researchers stressed that the new greenery does not neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.

A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree panting projects

alongside a vast increase in agriculture.

Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in

green leaf area, despite possessing only 6.6 percent of the world's vegetated area (植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32 percent. China's increase. in forest area is the. result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further 6.8 percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and 4.4 percent from forests.

Rama Nemani, a co-author of the study and a researcher at NASA's Ames Research Center, said in a statement, When the. greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate ,and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance. Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales. we see that humans are also contributing, Nemani said. This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.

Thomas Pugh, a professor at the University of Birmingham's School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences,said the NASA report expands scientists understanding of the causes behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.

63. The passage mainly tells us that________.

A. China and India have the world's largest green leaf areas B. China and India are the lead role players in global greening C. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human efforts